With the increasing scale of breeding and the gradual promotion of breeding technology, pig artificial insemination technology has gained more and more attention in countries all over the world. Artificial insemination technology can make full use of the excellent performance of boars and expand the scope of use of boars, so that the superior boar produce more offspring and accelerate the breed improvement of pigs, and is not affected by the size and age of different pigs, and Can reduce the risk of disease introduced into the population. Artificial insemination requires higher management and operation techniques, but the benefits obtained through standardized management and training of inseminators are higher. In the United States, artificial insemination was applied in the 1970s and in the 1990s, it gained rapid popularity. The penetration rate increased from 5-10% in 1992 to 30-50% in 1997. Experts predict that the application rate of artificial insemination in the United States will reach 80% after 5-7 years. At present, most pig farms in the United States generally use artificial insemination or first natural mating, and use artificial insemination for the second and third times. It is supplied by large-scale professional sperm companies such as IBS (Iowa State), SGI (South Dakota State International Breeding Center), PAB (Minesota State Piper Artificial Breeding Company), etc. Promotion. Some large breeder breeding companies such as PIC, GIS (Indiana State Genetic Improvement Services), Comparts (Hai Kangpei Family Farm Complex), Decca, etc. also widely use artificial insemination technology for production. (1) Facilities and supplies for artificial insemination of pigs (1) A special boar house is set up in a boar and the boars are kept using a limit bar. The boar is separated from the sow house by a certain distance. Sows are less exposed to boars on a daily basis, making them sensitive to scent of boars. Limiting rearing keeps boars in proper movement, and semen quality is stable, which in turn saves investment costs. Practice has proved that there is no significant difference in the limbs and hoof health, sexual desire, body condition, and service life compared to the rearing with boar bar, so in the United States, the boars in most pig farms are kept in the limit. In the column. (2) The sperm collection room The sperm collection room is generally built close to the boar bar. It has an adjustable sperm box (female) and is fixed on the ground. The floor is covered with non-slip flooring glue. There is an operator safety zone, as shown in Figure 1. The safety zone is located on both sides or corners of the sperm collection room, and is separated by a stainless steel column with a diameter of 10cm. The column and column are separated by about 28cm. When individual vicious boars bite the operator, the operator can quickly avoid Into the safe area, but the boar can not enter, can effectively guarantee the operator's safety. (3) Laboratory laboratories are places where the semen is inspected, diluted, preserved, and dispensed. The semen is pumped from the harvest chamber to the laboratory through a special closed-circuit vacuum pump to perform the above work. The laboratory is divided into wet areas (placement and dilution, washing equipment), drying area (equipment handling and preservation of semen, such as microscopes, incubators and other), distribution area (separation of semen, packaging, ordering, etc.) as shown in Figure 2 As shown. Laboratory equipment includes: phase contrast microscope, electronic sperm counter, programmable pump, slide insulation board, electronic balance, warm water bath, ultra-clean water system, electronic digital thermometer, automatic mixing stirrer, manual or automatic bagging Machine, incubator and so on. The laboratory requires a clean, dry environment to prevent contamination of semen. (II) Training of boars and collection of semen Boar collection and adjustment requires operators to have sufficient patience and master certain skills. First, adjust boars with more libido and use other boar semen or urine. Liquid extractor (sow) or estrus sows, and gradually train boars to ride on their backs. For boars with weaker sexual desire, using the above method is not easy to tune up, and the sows with estrus can be sent to the side of the false sow so that the trained boar can climb and the boar will be driven off when the boar is sexually active. Then lure the boar to cross the boar, or directly transfer the boar from the sow to the boar sow. When training, try to imitate the cry of estrus and increase boar libido. Once the climb is successful, the boar must be bred for several days to consolidate the conditioned reflexes that have just been established. When the trained boar climbs over the false sow and makes a mating move, the operator first massages the boar's penis glans on the right side of the false sow and discharges the foreskin urine effusion. In the penis, the middle finger and ring finger of one hand are used to apply pressure on the front body of the penis, and the other hand is used to hold the semen from the penis. The collection cup can be disposable non-toxic plastic or foam cups. Several layers of gauze are covered to filter out boars and eject jelly from the semen. Before harvesting, the collection cups must be kept in a constant temperature box at 35-37°C to prevent the sperms from being hit by the temperature difference. When the sperm is collected, avoid direct sunlight on the semen. After the collection is completed, record the outside of the collection cup. The number of boars and the timing of sperm collection. The frequency of boar collection should not be too high. Only 10 sperm can be collected once per week before 10 months of age, and 2 times per week after 10 months of age, but no more than 3 times. Studies have shown that the number of total spermatozoa obtained on multiple sperm collections and one sperm collection per week is basically the same. The boars used in artificial insemination should not be used for natural mating, so as not to affect the libido and emotions during sperm collection. In the United States, boars used for artificial insemination are generally replaced by 65% ​​per year to ensure boars have a strong sexual desire and high quality semen. (3) Semen quality evaluation and dilute collected semen must be strictly inspected. After semen collection is completed, semen should be quickly placed in a 37°C incubator and quality inspection should be carried out as soon as possible. The United States artificial insemination semen quality inspection project includes the following items: Color: The normal color of the pig's semen is milky white or off-white. When the semen's concentration is high, it is usually milky white with yellowish white; when the semen concentration is low, it is grayish, watery and even transparent. If the semen is red-brown, blood may be mixed; if it is yellowish-green and smelly, it may be mixed with urine or inflammatory secretions, such semen can not be used, and the boar should be treated symptomatically. Odor: The boar semen should have no special odor, and semen with urine, ammonia, or other strange smells cannot be used. PH value: The pH of normal sperm is neutral or slightly alkaline, between 7.0 and 7.8. In general, the lower the sperm pH, the greater the sperm concentration. Microscopic examination: Observe the vitality and deformity rate of spermatozoa 200 to 400 times under a phase contrast microscope. The pass rate of viability is less than 60% (ie, the total number of sperm that moves forward is less than 60%); use an electronic sperm counter (split spectrophotometer) The photometer measures the density of the sperm and calculates the amount of sperm contained in the collected semen. The dilutable multiple is calculated based on at least 3 billion effective spermatozoa per insemination dose, which can usually be diluted 10-15 times. Powders for the preparation of diluents, such as commercially available MR-A SPERM DILUUENT powders or SPERM-AID POWDER, are available from specialist companies. List the EDTA diluent (BTS) formulation as follows: Note: The EDTA sodium EDTA dilution should be the same as the temperature of the semen to be diluted, and the difference should not exceed one degree. Diluted the semen by dilution, mixed thoroughly with an automatic mixing stirrer, and then filled with 100ml plastic bottles with a pointed tip or non-toxic plastic bags. Different types of semen used different colors (red, blue, yellow, green) Black and white caps (or special colorants in semen) distinguish them. Placed in a constant temperature cabinet at 17°C. It is required to be turned every 12 hours during the preservation process. Diluted semen with ordinary diluent can be stored for 5-6 days, long-acting diluent can be stored for 7-9 days, but generally required to be used within 3 days, otherwise it will affect the use of results. Some studies have pointed out that artificial insemination with different semen of two or more boars can improve the conception rate and the number of litters. (4) Diagnosing the estrus of sows so that the sows can inseminate at the right time, and the diagnosis of sow estrus is a key component. The diagnosis of estrus starts four days after the sow is weaned and is generally performed after the sow has been fed. The diagnosis is made twice a day and the intervals between the two are not more than 5 hours apart. In the United States, most sows begin estrus 5 days after weaning. When the sow heats, it often appears as irritability, trying to find a boar, and the puke swells. Most swine farms use methods in which a dedicated pilot boar is in contact with the sow to determine if the sow is estrus and fit. When the boar is present, pressurize the sow on the back of the sow and stroke the abdomen of the sow, pull the groin, and even sit on the back of the sow by the operator to check whether the sow has the back-pressure reflex. Responded to the erect ears and showed a willingness to accept breeding postures. Try to be more patience boar, good at communicating emotions with the sow, to let it breed 1-2 times a month, so that it maintains strong sexual desire and initiative. Prof. Don levis of Nebraska State University found that the timing of timely insemination of estrus sows is closely related to the time from sow weaning to the appearance of estrus symptoms, as shown in Table 1: Note: a. The interval between two inseminations is at least 8 hours; b. Found estrus as the first day, “1 pm†means the afternoon of the first day of heat, and infusion time of 15:00-17:00 in the afternoon, the following similar; c, express the morning of the second day of the heat, insemination time For 7:00 to 9:00, the following are the same; d, gilts are required to perform estrus diagnosis twice a day. Performing estrus diagnosis and determining the time of insemination according to the above table can effectively increase the conception rate. (V) Insemination After finishing sow feeding, the estrus sow is placed in the limit column. The operator first cleans the vulva of the hands and the sow, and uses a disposable vas deferens. The gilt is generally selected as the spiral vas deferens. The sows selected the foam head vas deferens and applied a special lubricant to the disposable vas deferens. First touch the genital area of ​​the sow, and use the left thumb and forefinger to open the labial labyrinth, and hold the vas deferens to the right. 45 upward into the vagina, we must pay attention to avoid the urethra opening, after the vas deferens into 10 ～ 15cm, turn into a horizontal insertion, when inserted 25-30cm to reach the cervix, will feel a slight resistance of the front end of the vas deferens, then counterclockwise With moderate rotation, the cervix is ​​locked in the vas deferens. The tip of the plastic bottle containing semen is connected to the vas deferens and the sperm is slowly fed through the vas deferens, as shown in Figure 3. If the semen has reflux, it is necessary to slow down the input speed. At the same time, you should pay attention to sow the udder of the sow. If the semen is too slow, turn the vas deferens slightly to prevent vaginal folds from blocking the vas deferens. The insemination time requires at least 3-5 minutes. When all the semen in the plastic bottle is input, the vas deferens should be kept in the original state for 3-5 minutes. Slowly pull the vas deferens or leave the vas deferens to stay in the vagina. The vaginal sphincter contraction. It exits on its own. After the vas deferens comes out, you should check whether there is blood in the head of the vas deferens to determine whether the wrong insertion position and insertion force are too large. The main factors influencing pig artificial insemination are: the management status of the farm, the quality of the boar semen, the degree of mastery of the operator's AI technology, the accuracy of the sow's estrus diagnosis and timely breeding, environmental conditions, and laboratory equipment. The results of the Minesoto state trial in the United States show that if all aspects of the work are done well, the use of artificial insemination techniques for mating does not result in worse results than natural mating. See Table 2. Artificial insemination and natural mating have the same effect on sow fertility rate and number of live piglets. The requirements for artificial insemination in all aspects are higher than those for natural mating. In order to carry out artificial insemination work on farms, the natural mating should be carried out first before each situation. After 1-2 times of artificial insemination, after a period of time, the operator's technology is further improved, and when the reproductive performance is relatively ideal, then gradually transition to the use of artificial insemination technology for mating, the effect is better.
Specifications
Disposable Interventional Accessories
Providing a channel for interventional devices and infusion
Extension tubing
Disposable Interventional Accessories
Features of Product
It is the accessory components of interventional treatment, mainly used for providing a channel for interventional devices and infusion. It consists of a manifold, a high pressure extension tubing and a Y-Hemostasis Valve Set.
l Manifold: Visible handle makes the flow control easy and accurate
l High Pressure Extension Tubing: High pressure transparent material ensures the need for large flow
l Y-Hemostasis Valve Set: It consists of a Y-valve, a guidewire torque device, and a metal guidewire introducer, effectively minimizing blood loss and providing a smooth channel for interventional device delivery. The easy push-pull mechanism allows the manipulator to open and close the valve with just one hand.
*Related Products:manifold kit,angiographic dose control syringes,spinal needle types,endotracheal tube,infusion pump,radiopaque guide wire.
Disposable Interventional Accessories
Disposable Interventional Accessories,Pressure Extension Tube,Radial Artery Tourniquet,Introducer Sheath Kits
Anesthesia Medical Co., Ltd. , http://www.sinoanesthesia.com