Introduction Shellfish culture has the characteristics of short food chain, strong settlement, good nursery and breeding base, relatively low cost, etc. It has become one of the important pillar industries of mariculture in coastal areas of China. In the past decade or so, China's shellfish aquaculture has developed rapidly. By 1996, China had ranked first in the world in the scale and production of shellfish. With the rapid development of society and economy, people's demand for shellfish products is also increasing. The continuous expansion of domestic and foreign markets has created very favorable conditions for the development of shellfish aquaculture. However, as a whole, the increase in shellfish aquaculture production in China mainly depends on the expansion of the scale of farming and the large investment in human and material resources. With the continuous increase of aquaculture area and breeding density and changes in the ecological environment. In recent years, there have been "bottleneck" problems that have severely hampered the development of the industry. The reduction in yield, quality, and large area deaths have occurred from time to time, causing serious economic losses. From the standpoint of breeds, various varieties of shellfish culture in China have been systematically bred and improved in varieties at the end of the year, and their genetic basis is still wild type. After multiple generations of breeding, problems such as decreased genetic heterozygosity, poor stress resistance, and trait degradation have appeared in varying degrees. The aquaculture industry urgently needs new species of cultured shellfish that grow fast, have excellent quality and have strong resistance to stress, in order to promote the development of shellfish aquaculture [1].
The application of marine biotechnology to breed new varieties of marine aquaculture has been a research hotspot in recent years. Among them, the application of chromosome manipulation technology to cultivate polyploidy is one of the most active and potential applications. Polyploid breeding has the characteristics of relatively less investment, strong purpose, quick results, and high efficiency. The main purpose of the polyploid study of shellfish is to produce sterile triploids. For example, studies have confirmed that scallop triploids are valuable new varieties [2].
The application of marine biotechnology to breed new varieties of marine aquaculture has been a research hotspot in recent years. Among them, the application of chromosome manipulation technology to cultivate polyploidy is one of the most active and potential applications. Polyploid breeding has the characteristics of relatively less investment, strong purpose, quick results, and high efficiency. The main purpose of the polyploid study of shellfish is to produce sterile triploids. For example, studies have confirmed that scallop triploids are valuable new varieties [2].