The winter management of greenhouse vines is an important foundation for seizing the harvest of grapes in the coming year. The following key measures must be grasped in winter management techniques.
Winter pruning of pruned grapes is a more complex and critical technique. Pruning can affect the growth and development of grapes 2 to 3 years after the next year or even later. It is important to master the trimming technique correctly.
During the pruning period, the winter grape cutting period in the greenhouse cultivation should be carried out after the grape plants fall into the deep dormancy after falling into leaves. Generally, it is completed from mid-December to the end of December, and it will affect its subsequent management work too late.
The pruning method is decided according to the different types of cultivation, the characteristics of the varieties, and the strength of the tree vigor. The specific method of cutting. First cut out the pests, and overdraw the twigs that are too thick (the diameter of the parent base is more than 1.5 cm on the main branch).
Different frame-type pruning greenhouses are generally used in the cultivation of grapevines, V-shaped racks and small scaffolds. Two years before fruiting, a hedgerow was used, and the fruit was mainly V-shaped. When the hedge trimmer is selected, the results will be selected to stay in the direction of the parent vines, and the V-shaped frame results in the selection and retention of the parent vines on both sides. The small shed should be used to ensure that the plant distance is relatively high. The rod shaping method directly selects and retains the resulting mother branch on the main vine.
Pruning according to species characteristics Most Eurasian species have the disadvantages of strong growth and flowering in local cultivation. The quality of fruit grown in greenhouses is better than that of European and American hybrids. Such as purple crisp, early red, summer solstice, etc., the pruning of this species should be used in the long tip scissors, the results of the golden branch mother leaves 4 to 6 buds short cut. As a result of the prosperous results, 6 to 8 buds were cut in the mother tree. Amount of buds per mu is 7000~8000, so that preparation can be adjusted when the panicles can be identified later. Yi Jinhua grows its golden mean varieties such as Ziyu, Venus, Wu Teng, etc., and implements 2 to 3 bud shoots on the resulting mother trees. The amount of mu leaves is about 5,000.
Clearing up the Qingyuan Garden After the pruning of the Qingyuan Grapes, all the litters in the Park were removed and the old bar on the main bar and main vines were stripped away for centralized burning and deep burial to reduce the source of the disease.
Disinfection uses Baume 2 to 3 degrees lime sulfur plus 0.5% sodium pentachlorophenol to conduct a complete spray disinfection of the ground, scaffolds and plants in the garden. In the early February of the plant, when the buds were in the bulbous stage, 0.5 to 1 degree of lime sulfur plus 0.2% sodium pentachlorophenol was sprayed again to remove the source of disease.
Lime-nitrogen treatment of greenhouses Grapes treated with 15% to 20% lime nitrogen solution during winter pruning can promote early sprouting of the grapes for 3 to 5 days and increase the germination rate by about 30%. Processing time: From the end of December to the beginning of January. It is best to choose sunny noon (before 10 am and before 3 pm).
Shed time greenhouses to promote cultivation, cover film time sooner or later, is directly related to grape fruit maturity sooner or later. According to the climate characteristics can not be too early and not too late, if the premature cover canopy grape natural sleep time can not be achieved, the required amount of cold (usually the amount of grapes need to be below 7.2 °C temperature needs 700 to 1500 hours) caused by the lack of germination rate Reduced, and premature budding (general budding 25-30 days after the start) will also be threatened by the spring cold in early spring caused by frozen shoots. However, if the cover is too late, it will show no effect of early cultivation. The period of the canopy cover is appropriately carried out according to the characteristics of different cultivars, and varieties requiring short-term chilling, such as Venus seedless, early jade, and purple jade (requiring 700 to 1000 hours of cold capacity), can be covered in the shed in early January, requiring long-term cooling. Varieties such as Fujisawa, Xiahe, and Jingya (requiring 1,100 to 1,300 hours of cold capacity) can be covered in the middle and late January, and they must be completed before the end of January.
Fertilizer and water management Once the grape shed is filled with sufficient water once, the entire shed is closed, and the previous week (from the end of January to the beginning of February) of Mush is applied with 15 urea or 30 碳 ammonium bicarbonate plus 3 硼 boron fertilizer. At the same time, spraying 0.5% urea solution plus 100?/L 90% O on grape shoot buds to promote germination and increase germination rate.
After the cover shed, the temperature and humidity control cover is closed to the full shed before germination, and the high temperature and high humidity conditions are maintained relative to the shed. The maximum temperature is controlled below 35°C. Exceed the critical temperature and let the air cool down. When the humidity is lower than 90%, spray the water on the grape shoots to increase the relative humidity.
The maximum temperature from the bud to the pompon period is controlled below 30°C, and the minimum temperature is controlled above 5°C. If the temperature is lower than the minimum critical temperature, insulation measures should be taken. For example, double membrane covering (ie, a layer of membrane on the shelf of the greenhouse) A layer of non-woven fabric etc. is stamped on the film at night. Its relative humidity is controlled below 60%. If the humidity is too high, the protective film can be protected in the garden, which can reduce the humidity and raise the temperature, and adjust the balance between up and down growth.
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