Chemical reagents must be stored properly, because the quality of the reagents directly affects the accuracy of the experimental results. Chemical reagents often deteriorate during storage due to improper storage. Some reagents are easily hygroscopic and deliquescent or hydrolyzed; some are easily reacted with oxygen, carbon dioxide or other gases diffused in the air, and some agents are degraded by light and ambient temperature. Therefore, according to the different nature of the reagents, appropriate measures must be taken to properly preserve them.
Chemical reagents are inevitably interfered with by external conditions during storage. You need to achieve eight major defenses in the laboratory: anti-volatile, moisture-proof, anti-deterioration, anti-light, anti-poison, anti-shock, fireproof, and rodent-proof.
First, anti-volatile
1, oil seal: ammonia, concentrated hydrochloric acid, concentrated nitric acid and other volatile inorganic liquid, drop 10 ~ 20 drops of mineral oil on the liquid surface, can prevent evaporation (not available vegetable oil).
2, water seal: add 5mL of water to carbon disulfide, you can save for a long time. Mercury is added to the mercury to prevent mercury vapor from entering the air. Some sulfur powder is placed next to the mercury, but once it is lost, the sulfur powder is dispersed to eliminate the mercury in the chemical reaction.
3, wax seal: ether, ethanol, formic acid and other lighter or more soluble volatile liquid, as well as naphthalene, iodine and other volatile solids, tight cork, bottle mouth wax. In addition to the original bottle wax seal, the original bottle should be placed in a plastic cylinder with activated carbon, and the barrel is sealed.
Second, moisture
1. Bleaching powder and sodium peroxide should be sealed to prevent water absorption or water absorption and explosion. Sodium hydroxide is easy to absorb water and deliquesce, it should be waxed; ammonium nitrate and sodium sulfate are easy to absorb water and not form, so that the reagent bottle is broken, and it should be tightly sealed.
2, calcium carbide, anhydrous copper sulfate, phosphorus pentoxide, silica gel is very easy to absorb water and metamorphism, red phosphorus is easily oxidized, and then, water absorption to produce metaphosphoric acid, the above should be stored in the dryer.
3, concentrated sulfuric acid should be sealed to prevent water absorption, but because of common use, it should be placed in the grinding bottle, the grinding bottle stopper should be the original, do not reverse the adjustment.
4. The basement of "special medicine", the lower layer of cloth ash, the middle layer of slaked lime on the upper layer of double-layer tar paper, in order to store drugs.
Third, anti-deterioration
1. Anti-oxidation: Sodium sulfite, ferrous sulfate and sodium thiosulfate are easily oxidized, and the bottle mouth should be coated with wax.
2, anti-carbonation: sodium silicate, sodium peroxide, caustic are easy to absorb carbon dioxide, should be coated with wax.
3, weatherproof: crystalline sodium carbonate, crystal copper sulfate should be wax seal, stored in the basement.
4, anti-decomposition: ammonium bicarbonate, concentrated nitric acid is easily decomposed by heat, after being waxed, stored in the basement.
5, activated carbon can adsorb a variety of gases and deteriorate, (charcoal is also the same), should be placed in the dryer.
6, yellow phosphorus in the air is easy to self-ignite, always save the water, check the water every 15 days: add water to the phosphorus reagent bottle, placed in the water and water, with a bell jar closed.
7. Potassium and sodium are stored in the fire oil.
8. A few drops of dilute sulfuric acid are added to the ferrous sulfate solution, and excess iron powder is added to carry out the wax seal.
9, the glucose solution is easy to mold, a few drops of formaldehyde can be saved.
10, formaldehyde is easy to polymerize, a small amount of methanol should be added immediately after opening the bottle; acetaldehyde is added with ethanol.
Fourth, anti-light
1. Silver nitrate, concentrated nitric acid and most organic drugs should be placed in brown bottles;
2. The nitrate is stored in the basement to prevent heat, and it is also resistant to light, fire and shock;
3, the organic reagent window will be painted with black paint;
4, laboratory color cloth curtains, inner infrared black double layer;
Five, anti-poison
1. Phosphorus, silver nitrate, potassium chlorate, mercury chloride and other highly toxic substances are placed in the basement. Double locks are used, files are created, used for approval, records are used, and regular inspections are carried out.
2. Phosphate and aluminum phosphide release the highly toxic phosphine after being absorbed. It should be stored in a desiccator and affixed with a red label.
3, because there is no fume hood, often on the floor with lime, adsorption of certain poisonous gas phase substances.
4, concentrated acid, concentrated alkali, bromine, phenol and other corrosive drugs, use a red label to alert.
Sixth, earthquakeproof
1. The ammonium nitrate shake is easy to explode and is placed in the basement.
2, homemade large crystal alum, large crystal copper sulfate, with a soft paper pad to enlarge the mouth of the reagent bottle, buffer, and numbered into the kitchen according to the "four digits".
Seven, fire prevention
1. Set a water tank, fire bucket, sand tank, foam fire extinguisher and a bottle of carbon tetrachloride in the instrument room near the gate, conspicuous, and smooth. Foam fire extinguisher drugs are updated once a year. (If there is a "CCl4" or "1211" fire extinguisher better).
2, the indoor wire will be replaced by a dark line, in order to prevent drug fumigation, short-circuit fire.
Eight, anti-rat
1. Appropriately adjust some phenol in the paste.
2, for the "indicator" a cabinet of drugs, put some volatile drugs such as formaldehyde, coal phenol soap and so on. In the cabinet with serious rat damage, concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated ammonia water can be stored alternately. Used to protect other drugs.
3, with lead acetate paste paste on the wall of the mouse hole, the mouse contaminated the skin when entering and exiting, and killed (lead acetate taste sweet and highly toxic).
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