Burdock is rich in inulin, cellulose, protein, calcium, phosphorus, iron and other vitamins and minerals required by the human body. The carotene content is 150 times higher than that of carrots, and the protein and calcium content is the first of the roots. Burdock root contains inulin and volatile oil, burdock acid, various polyphenols and aldehydes, and is rich in cellulose and amino acids. As a traditional Chinese medicine, burdock can treat diabetes, high blood pressure and high blood fat. It also has anti-cancer, blood sugar lowering, blood pressure lowering, blood fat, treatment of insomnia, and improvement of human immunity.
First, planting
Choose loam or sandy loam where the terrain is sunny, the soil is deep, the soil is fertile, and the drainage is good. Avoid continuous cropping, the former sputum is suitable for cereals, rapeseed, broad beans and other crops.
Generally, the farmer uses 3000-4000kg of fertilizer, 50kg of superphosphate, 5kg of urea (conditional can + compound fertilizer) as the base fertilizer, and spreads the fertilizer evenly on the surface before the cultivated land, and combines the cultivated land once into the soil, the depth of cultivated land is 30cm. Above, the level is flat.
Seeds are used to breed, and seeds that are full, disease-free, and non-invasive are selected. After soaking the seeds in warm water for 24 hours, put them in a warm place, rinse them with warm water once a day, and sow when the seeds are white. On the whole land, dig a hole 30 cm deep at a distance of 60 cm × 45 cm, and apply about 1 kg of fully-fertilized soil and fertilizer in each hole. Mix well with the soil, fill the hole and fill it, and wait for the topsoil. When dry and loose, dig holes of 3 to 4 cm deep in the hole, and fill each seed with 3 to 4 seeds. Cover the soil and cover it, so that the seeds are dense with the soil. In the summer and autumn, about 6 to 7 days of seeding. After the emergence of seedlings, 2 seedlings were kept in each hole, and the missing seedlings were replenished in time. The seeding amount was 1.5-2 kg/667 square meters.
Second, timely seeding
Sowing in the Ching Ming Festival (from early April to late April). There are two methods of sowing. The seeding can be ditched by a row spacing of 60cm, and the ditch depth is 2-3cm. The seeds are evenly spread in the ditch and covered with soil 1-2cm. The hole sowing can be planted at a hole spacing of 30cm×60cm, and each hole is planted 4-6 pieces, covering soil 2-3cm. . After sowing, it is necessary to slightly suppress the seeds so that the seeds are in close contact with the soil, and the grass is kept moist. The amount of seed per acre is generally 0.5-0.75kg.
Third, field management
After emergence, remove the grass in the evening or cloudy days. When the seedlings grow 2-3 pieces of true leaf time seedlings, the seeding field is 1-5cm long and strong seedlings, and the hole sowing field leaves 2 strong seedlings per hole. The seedlings were all removed. When the seedlings grow 4-5 pieces of true leaves, the seedlings are planted, and the seeding field is 1 plant with a plant spacing of 25-30 cm, and 1 seedling is planted at each hole. If the cavity is properly replenished.
Fourth, cultivating and weeding
In combination with intercropping and weeding, the growth of burdock plants is slow. Many weeds in the seedling stage are most afraid of “grass eating seedlingsâ€. Weeding and weeding should be carried out in time until the behavior of the plants is stopped. Eli breathable and protect the roots. When cultivating soil, note that the growth point cannot be buried in the soil.
Five, top dressing
In the second year of planting in the second year of planting, 1000kg of high-quality farmyard manure and 15kg of diammonium phosphate were applied per mu, evenly spread on the surface, combined with weeding and turned into the soil. Foliar fertilizer such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2-0.3kg+ (èŠ¸è–¹ç´ +碧护) is sprayed on alternate foliage of each acre to promote flowering results.
In the same year, the burdock did not produce the results. In order to promote the growth, seedling and growth of the second year, increase the yield and quality. After the winter leaves withered, the dead leaves and weeds should be removed in time, the frozen water should be sealed during the drought, and the base of the plants should be cultivated before freezing. After 2 years of thawing, the soil will be loosened.
Sixth, disease prevention
Diseases: The main diseases are leaf spot and powdery mildew, angular spot disease, and are prone to occur during high temperature and rainy periods, mainly affecting leaves.
Control method: The diseased leaves were found to be removed and burned in the field; 50% thiophanate or 20% triadimefon or 12% myclobutanil was sprayed on the early stage of the disease, and the dosage was 0.1-0.15kg per mu, 7-10 days, even spray 2 3 times.
Leaf spot disease: plant burdock bacterial leaf spot, also known as bacterial black spot. The bacterium may overwinter on diseased leaves and seeds, and may be priming or re-infected when the conditions are appropriate in the following year. Try to remove the diseased leaves to reduce the source of the bacteria. It is cultivated with high ridges or sorghum. It is strictly forbidden to flood water and reduce water flow. Alternate spraying of leaves (Green Prosperity Suspending Agent, Bordeaux Liquid, Killable Wettable Granular Powder, Aromatic Acid Copper and Copper Wettable Powder + Rui Nong Wettable Powder)
Powdery mildew virus disease: damage to the leaves, sometimes it can also damage the petiole. When the leaves are inoculated, white powder spots are produced on the surface of the leaves at first, and then gradually develop into round white powder spots of different sizes, and then gradually expand and finally the whole leaf surface is covered with a layer of white powder. Wipe off the white powder, it can be seen that the leaves below are chlorotic and the growth is weak. (Bordeaux liquid, Fuxing emulsifiable concentrate, Naidan · Tebuconazole, Garrinone, Ningnanmycin, Triadin, Methyl thiophanate, Acacia, Copper, Resin copper)
Corner spot: damage the leaves. The damaged leaves were initially fresh green water-stained lesions, gradually pale brown, polygonal, and then dried and perforated; the stems were stained at the beginning of the disease. (Hypophysic, Mancozeb, acacia copper bactericide, amber, ethylphosphoric acid, agricultural streptomycin, can be killed)
Pests: safflower refers to tube mites, golden worm larvae, chrysanthemum small tube mites, aphids, larvae, and larvae.
Control method: field spray control with 50% anti-dental wettable powder 2000-3000 times liquid or pyrethroid pesticide, once every 7-10 days, 2-3 times in succession. For underground pests, use 50% phoxim for soil treatment or use trichlorfon for bait trapping. The use of black light to trap adult insects (oxidized eugenol emulsifiable concentrate, methionin emulsifiable concentrate, chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate, imidacloprid WP) should be noted that organophosphorus agents should be used interchangeably to prevent drug resistance.
As a dual-use plant for food and medicine, burdock has high economic value and broad prospects for planting.
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