Since the completion of human genome sequencing in 2001, sequencing technology has undergone great changes. As can be seen from the evolution of the cost of sequencing, the improvement of the first generation of sequencing technology is basically in accordance with Moore's Law. However, the emergence of second-generation sequencing technology has led to a significant reduction in sequencing costs. The second-generation sequencing technology is completely different from the first-generation technology principle and is a subversive innovation. It is precisely because of the reduced cost of sequencing the human genome that it will drop from the original $100 million to about $1,000, making genetic testing possible in many areas. Genetic testing has shifted from purely academic research to large-scale commercial applications, and people have great expectations for their market space, so it is worthy of attention.
Comparison and analysis of gene sequencing technology
DNA sequencing technology originated in the 1970s. In general, people divide the development of sequencing technology into three phases (three generations). The first generation is called Sanger's Sequencing, the second generation is called NextGeneration Sequencing (NGS), and the third generation is called ThirdGeneration Sequencing. According to the parameter analysis of different sequencing technologies, we remind investors to pay attention to the following points:
1. Sequencing producers: The second generation of sequencers listed only three manufacturers, Roche, Illumina, and LifeTech. In fact, only these three manufacturers have made mature second-generation sequencers. The principle of the second generation sequencing technology of each manufacturer is different.
2. Sequencing Accuracy: The accuracy of the first generation and second generation sequencing technologies is similar, both around 99%. The accuracy of the third-generation sequencing is 80%-90%. There is still a certain gap between the previous two generations. The technology is not mature enough, and it does not have the conditions for large-scale market application.
3. Each round of sequencing capacity: The amount of data generated by each round of sequencing of the second generation sequencing technology is 1-600 GB. The large-scale promotion of this technology is inseparable from the big data system, in which the transmission, storage, sharing and interpretation of data will be the pain points in development. At present, China is still in its infancy in this respect, and there is a gap between the existing levels in the United States. There is a lot of room for imagination in the future.
4. Cost per megabase sequencing: The cost of second generation sequencing is significantly lower than that of the first generation. The cost of Illumina and LifeTech is much lower than that of Roche, which explains why Roche's second-generation sequencer exited the market in 2013. Although the cost of third-generation sequencing is not high, it does not have a cost advantage compared to the second generation, so its technology needs to be further improved and improved.
5. Instrument price sequencing cost: The price of the gene sequencing instrument is about 500,000 US dollars, but the cost per megabase of sequencing is only 0.1 US dollars. This is a typical high fixed cost, low variable cost industry. Since fixed-cost instruments are sunk costs after purchase, very low variable costs are easy to induce price wars.
Oligopoly second generation sequencing technology
As of 2013, the second generation of sequencing manufacturers are mainly Illumina, LifeTech, Roche. Their market share is about 52%, 38% and 10%. As can be seen from the technical parameters, the cost of Roche sequencing technology (pyrophosphate sequencing) is much higher than the other two, so it is gradually eliminated by the market. In October 2013, Roche decided to withdraw from the second-generation sequencer production area. So far, the only producers of second-generation sequencers on the global market are Illumina and LifeTech, with Illumina accounting for a larger market share. From the sequencing industry chain, the production of second-generation sequencers has formed an oligopoly, and their bargaining power with downstream sequencing service providers will be very strong. And their sequencers are made into a closed system, which means that their instruments must be sequenced using their reagents. Through this "Razor-Blade" model, upstream sequencer manufacturers will receive excess returns across the entire industry chain.
China Basket Stretcher,Emergency Basket Stretcher manufacturers, welcome Seperatable Basket Stretcher,Helicopter Rescue Basket Strectcher purchasers from worldwide to visit our site.
Basket Stretcher,Emergency Basket Stretcher,Seperatable Basket Stretcher,Helicopter Rescue Basket Strectcher
Medton Medical , https://www.medtonmedical.com