Technical name: key techniques for late mature citrus cultivation
Technical Overview: This technology consists of a new model for building gardens, winter base fertilizers, autumn planting, water control, sugar reduction and acid reduction to promote flower bud differentiation, insect protection and fruit crown mulching, safe overwintering, balanced water and fertilizer management of trees and trees, tree potential, and early spring summer stages. Complete harvesting, pests and diseases throughout the green prevention and control technology supporting integration. Some of the technological achievements have won one second prize for the National Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fishery Harvest Award, and two third prizes for the Sichuan Science and Technology Achievements Award. The technology is advanced and practical, the area for promotion and application is large, and the benefits are significant.
â–¡Reporter Fan Bangping
Late mature citrus features
Sichuan is the country's largest late-ripe orange advantage area and late-maturing citrus commodity fruit production base. Late-maturing citrus has distinct features and outstanding advantages, covering more than one million mu, ranking first in the country. According to the provincial government's newly released agricultural supply-side structural reform plan, fruit trees in our province will focus on the development of the late-maturing citrus industry.
“To do a good job of late-maturing citrus production to achieve fruit quality improvement and efficiency has also become a major event in the township. However, how to prepare, how to strengthen management, and how to prevent and treat pests and diseases, the general peasants still have doubts. For this reason, we researched and tested this technology. Experts from the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences said that the technology mainly solves important technical problems such as high-quality, high-yield, stable production, safe wintering, fruit hygiene, quality and safety of late-ripe citrus, ensuring the efficient and healthy development of late-ripe citrus industry, and the high-yield and high-yield cultivation technology foundation of citrus. On the other hand, highlight the common techniques and key technologies of late-maturing citrus cultivation.
Through the previous experiments, this technology can realize the rapid gardening of citrus. The plant growth parameters and the result period are more than 2 years earlier than the conventional technology. The average yield per mu of the saplings from 5 to 6 years is increased by more than 40%, and the acid reduction rate of fruit is about 30%. The ratio of sugar to acid and the ratio of solid to acid increased by more than 40%, and the value increased by more than 50%. The benefits were extremely significant.
Take five steps to improve quality and efficiency
To plant good late-ripe citrus, we need to go through five steps: building a garden, seedling planting and management, fertilizer and water management, pest control and cold-preserving fruits.
To build a garden - As a preliminary preparation, when constructing a garden, a highly efficient gardening technology model should be implemented for deep-fertilizing, soil-raising, narrow-row planting, ground-covering, and integrated fertilizer-water integration facilities. The irregular slopes and special landforms on gently sloped lands, flats, and fields are appropriately shaped and converted into flat slopes or flat lands in the north-south direction or in the direction of the drainage; deeper gentle slopes in the soil layer and peaceful dams are directly used in machinery. The soil was ridiculed and the soil was shallow or the rice fields were mechanically grooved and then soiled again.
Management - In this link, we must select good late-maturing citrus varieties, such as Ziyang Orange, Citrus aurantium, etc. (alkaline soil 30 should be selected Ziyang orange and other salt-resistant stocks), container seedlings in spring, summer and autumn Can be planted; Before planting, the planting hole should be excavated in the middle of the earth ridge, and the root neck should be exposed on the ground when planting to ensure the survival and rapid growth of the plant, and fertilize 4 to 5 times a year, in February, May, July, 9 Months, October and November. The use of "four free technologies" (with LS cloth covering no tillage and weed control, orchard exempting herbicide application, soil injection with point-free fertilization, and sapling-free cutting) can promote the long-lasting flower-promoting fruit and quickly form a garden.
Fertilizer - In this link, it is necessary to build an integrated facility for fertilizer and water (medicine). Organic fertilizers and good soluble fertilizers can be used. Fertilization by soil injection or pipette fertilization can be used. When the tree was used to add oil and other organic fertilizers at the end of June, trenches (holes) were drilled on the outside of the canopy drip line by means of annular furrows, furrows, radial furrows, and acupuncture points. Position rotation application. From the spring bud to the mid-March, depending on the extent of soil drought, it is appropriate to add water. Late-maturing citrus fruit picking to the beginning of flowering, combined with spring shoot fertilizer, need 2 irrigation. Physiological fruit drop period, fruit enlargement period, according to the soil moisture status appropriate timely irrigation. Rainfall season or timely drainage of water in the orchard, moderate water control, sugar, acid reduction promote flower bud differentiation.
Pest control - In this link, we must strengthen the monitoring of pests and diseases, master the dynamics of pests and diseases, and timely apply the drugs according to the environment and phenology period when reaching the control targets. The growth season focuses on the control of red and yellow spiders, aphids, leaf leaf moths and anthracnose.
Cold and fruit protection - to achieve safe winter. From mid-October to mid-November each year, it is necessary to focus on the prevention and treatment of red-yellow spiders and fungal diseases, and carry out winter fruit preservation treatment to prevent winter fruiting and fruiting.
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