Today, Hui Nongwang Xiaobian mainly talks about the pollution-free planting techniques of onion pests and diseases. From the aspects of variety, field management, and cultivation of strong seedlings, if you have planted onions, you can come and study!
1 Select resistant varieties
There are three main types of onions grown in Shenqiu County:
First, red onion, the largest planting area, the strongest spicy;
The second is yellow onion, sweet and spicy, and the international market welcomes this onion;
The third is white onion, white and green skin, good quality.
In the production, Ziyu No.1, Ziyu No.2, Zixing, Shuanghuan and other purple skin types can be selected. These varieties have the characteristics of strong spicy flavor, high yield, excellent quality and suitable for export. These varieties generally produce about 5,000 kg per mu.
2 cultivate strong seedlings
The seedbed should be selected with loose soil, fertile soil and strong water retention. The plots of onions and garlic vegetables have not been planted in 2-3 years. It is necessary to prevent the seedlings from growing too large, causing early bolting, and avoiding the weak growth of the seedlings and affecting the wintering. Generally, the onion seedlings have about 4 true leaves, the plant height is 20~25cm, the sheath diameter is 6~7mm, and the weight per plant is about 5g. When planting, it should be transplanted separately according to the size of the onion seedlings, so that the growth is consistent, and the leaf sheath is removed. Large seedlings with a diameter of more than 8mm and weak seedlings and seedlings of less than 3mm. The planting density requires a row spacing of 20 cm, a plant spacing of 15 cm, and it is appropriate to protect 1.5 to 20,000 plants per acre. The depth of colonization is not to bury the five-pronged strands. Watering after planting, promoting the survival of onion seedlings, avoiding flooding of large water, causing soil compaction, which is not conducive to the rapid growth of onion to improve disease resistance.
3 Field management
The seedlings are planted immediately before winter, and a small amount of wintering fertilizer is applied after the survival, so that the plants can resume growth for a certain period of time, and one or two new leaves can grow for the winter. After the spring, when the average temperature reaches 15 °C ~ 16 °C, the plants enter a vigorous growth period, and it is necessary to keep the soil moist. In this period, we must diligently cultivate and loosen the soil, increase the amount of watering, and topdress one or two times to ensure the strong growth of the plants. As the temperature rises, the growth of the plant's shoots slows down and the bulbs begin to expand. When the small bulbs increase to about 3 cm (large), they have entered the bulb expansion period, and the water and fertilizer supply should be sufficient. After the rain, remove the accumulated water in time to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases.
4 Pest control
(a) downy mildew
1, symptoms. Mainly for onion leaves, especially onions. The disease begins with the outer leaves and develops from the bottom to the inner leaves. The diseased lesions are pale green, long oval or long strips. After enlargement, the lesions are large, and the leaves are withered. In severe cases, the onion leaves are dry or yellow and dead except for the heart leaves. When the sky is dry, the diseased leaves wither; when wet, the diseased leaves rot. When the humidity is high, the disease minister has a white to purple gray mold layer. Seedlings are often perishable and die. After the sporangia matures, it is spread by airflow, wind and rain, insects, etc., and reinfected. The relative humidity of the air is above 95%, and the temperature is around 15 °C. There are 2 peak incidences in 1 year, and the most serious incidence in April-May. The disease is aggravated in low temperature and heavy rain and heavy fog. The terrain is low, the drainage is poor, the over-close planting, the heavy land, the poor plant growth and the flooding of the flood are also serious.
2, prevention and treatment methods. In the early stage of the disease, it is necessary to spray in time, using 75% chlorothalonil WP 600 times solution, 50% nail cream copper WP 800~1000 times solution, 64% antivirus WP WP 500 times, 72.2% Plex water 800 times solution, 40% sterilized Dan WP 400 times solution, 70% mancozeb WP 500 times solution, 58% metalaxyl Mn-Zn wettable powder 500 times solution, 40% Ethyl aluminum phosphate wettable powder 200~300 times liquid, spray once every 7-10d, even spray 2~3 times. Various pharmaceutical agents are applied in rotation.
(two) purple spot disease
1, symptoms. Mainly harmful leaves and pedicels. In the initial stage, it is water-soaked white dots, and then becomes a light brown oval or a spindle-shaped slightly depressed spot. It continues to expand in brown or dark purple. The disease minister has grayish black and concentric striate-like mycelium, and the disease department continues to expand. , causing the whole leaf to turn yellow or die. The incidence of peduncle is high, which makes the seed shrinkage not fully mature. When the environmental conditions are appropriate, the lesions expand to the whole leaf, or surround the peduncle, causing the leaves and peduncle to die or break, seriously affecting the yield, quality and seed formation. Spread by air or rain, invade through the pores, wounds or directly penetrate the epidermis, and the incubation period is 1-4 days. The onset temperature is 24 ° C ~ 27 ° C, below 12 ° C does not occur.
2, prevention and treatment methods. In the early stage of the disease, spray 75% chlorothalonil WP 600 times solution, or 70% mancozeb WP 500 times solution, or 64% anti-bacterial WP WP 500 times, or 58% metalaxyl Mn-Zn. Wet powder 500 times solution, or 50% phlegm hyacinth powder 1500 times solution, or 40% Dafodan WP 500 times solution, or 50% thiophanate WP 600 times solution, etc., spray 7-10d 1 time, even spray 3~4 times. It can be combined with the prevention and treatment of downy mildew, and various medicines can be applied in rotation.
(3) Soft rot
1. The onion bulbs are inflated and soft rot is easy to occur during storage. The obvious symptom is that the neck of the bulb is water-soaked, and the inside of the bulb is rotted and has a foul smell. Plants are poorly grown and are susceptible to rain when harvested.
2, prevention and treatment methods. In the early stage of the disease, 77% can kill the micro-wettable powder 500 times solution or the neo-phytomycin 4000-5000 times solution or the agricultural streptomycin 4000 times solution or the DT bactericide 500 times solution. The spray volume per hectare is 50kg. Spray 1 time every 7-10d, a total of 2 times.
(4) Mantle
1. The mantle adult is a green onion. The larva breaks into the bulb, causing it to rot, and the leaves are yellow and wilting, resulting in a lack of seedlings.
2, prevention and treatment methods. After adult ovulation and larvae hatching, the effect is good. Spray 50% phoxim EC 600 times solution or 2.5% deltamethrin EC 1500 ~ 2000 times solution or 90% trichlorfon 1000 times solution or 40% dimethoate 1000 times solution, spray volume 450kg per hectare .
(5) Hummer
1, mainly harmful to the leaves, can spread viral diseases. Hummer is warm and arid, so the dry year is heavier. Generally, the rainy season and the watering plots are lighter, and the density of the insects is greatly reduced after heavy rain.
2, prevention and treatment methods: When the first time of the horse, it can spray 50% phoxim or 50% dichlorvos or 40% dimethoate 1000 times liquid, 450kg per hectare.
5 harvest
The harvest should be carried out on a sunny day. The phosphorus stems should not be pulled or scratched by hand during harvest to reduce the decay of the wound during storage.
Well, the pollution-free planting technology of onion pests and diseases is said today, I hope to help you, Hui Nongwang Xiaobian will continue to bring you more planting technology!
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