I. Viral disease
The affected strains generally exhibit four symptoms such as mosaicism, yellowing, necrosis, and malformation. The veins of the mosaic-type diseased plants were slightly greenish, or they were thick and light green and white. The diseased plants had no obvious abnormalities, and the plants were dwarfed and did not cause fallen leaves. Yellowing diseased leaves turn yellow and fall leaves. Part of the necrotic diseased plants became brown and necrotic, manifested as streaked, apical, necrotic mottled or bad spots. Deformed diseased plants deformed, the leaves became linear or fern leaves, or the plants were short and the branches were mostly plexiform. Sometimes several symptoms appear on the same plant, causing defoliation, falling flowers, and falling fruit, which seriously affect the yield and quality of pepper.
Its prevention and control methods are as follows: 1. Selection of disease-resistant varieties: general pepper is more resistant than sweet pepper, early-maturing varieties are more resistant than late-maturing varieties, and disease-resistant, high-yield and high-quality varieties suitable for local cultivation can be selected according to actual conditions. 2. Timely sowing, planting as soon as possible: timely sowing, cultivation of plant type strong seedlings and dwarf seedlings, or the use of protective facilities, early planting, early results, to enter the virus disease when the time, the pepper has flowers full of fruit, roots developed, plants Strong, strong disease resistance. 3. Immersion seed germination: Seeds were soaked with 10% phosphoric acid and three nanometers for 20 to 30 minutes, washed and germinated, and sprayed with 0.1% to 0.2% of zinc sulfate before and during flowering. 4. Strengthen cultivation management: implement rotation and intercropping. Apply basic fertilizers, diligently watering, and pay attention to water and fertilizer, especially during the harvest period. 5. Control of locusts: Selection of plots around the planting of tall stalked plants can prevent locusts from migrating to disease. Use silver-gray membranes or screens, or use ordinary agricultural film to coat silver-gray paint, and lay the surface around the surface to avoid embarrassment. The efficacy can be up to 70%. Using the characteristics of yellow locusts on yellow tendencies, 6 to 8 yellow lure plates were trapped and killed per mu. The drug can be treated with 20% chlorinated EC 3000 times, or 50% anti-inferior WP 4000 times, or Dimethoate 1000 to 1500 times, or 2.5% chlorinated 5000 times, or 50 times. % Malathion 1000 to 2000 times liquid spray. 6. Chemical control: After the onset, 20% virus A wettable powder 500 times solution, or virus K300-400 times solution, or 1.5% plant disease emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times solution, or NS-83 increasing agent 100 times solution can be used. Or copper ammonia mixture 400 times and 0.1% zinc sulfate mix spray control, spray every 7 to 10 days, and even spray 2 or 3 times.
Second, the disease
Chili pepper disease can occur throughout the growing period and can easily cause devastating losses. During the seedling stage, the base of the stem is immersed in soft rot. The upper part is dark green and lodging. In the adult stage, the main stem, branches, fruits, leaves and petals are harmed. The bases and branches of the stem were damaged, and they were initially immersed in spots. They expanded and became dark brown, and they were often easily broken off from the diseased part. The diseased condition of the affected strains developed rapidly and the entire plant withered about 20 days after infection. Diseased fruit was irregular dark green water immersed lesions, soft rot, common white moldy material, slightly shrunken, after the gradual gray, and finally brown or black stale fruit. The roots became brown and decayed, and the plants wilted, but the vascular bundles did not change color. The losses caused by root rot, branches and rotten fruit are all serious. The disease is prone to occur in hot and humid conditions, especially after heavy rain or heavy rain in summer and autumn.
Prevention methods: 1, the implementation of flood and dry rotation, to avoid joint production with Solanaceae, gourd crops. 2, with 25% metalaxyl 1000 times soaking 2 hours after the seedlings with disease-free new soil to prevent seed carry bacteria. 3, the use of sorghum planting, to avoid water, pay attention to control the amount of water and the number of times. 4. After planting, use 800-1000 times of copper oxychloride to shower the roots and spray the plants. 5, after the onset of illness with pomecor, lukexing, can be killed, Rhizoctonia spraying, control effect is better.
Third, bacterial wilt
At the early stage of the disease, only the leaves of a single shoot or the part of one leaf exhibited wilting, and later expanded to the whole plant. The leaves appear light green at first and then they turn brown and die. The appearance of diseased stems is not obvious. The xylem of the longitudinal stem is browned and the pith is rotted and hollow. After the moisturizing cross-section, milky white liquid overflows, which is different from blight. The disease is a soil-borne disease and is prone to occur under conditions of high temperature and humidity.
Prevention methods: mainly to prevent the main, such as the cultivation of deep sorghum sorghum, after planting with copper oxychloride 800 to 1000 times liquid shower root and spray plants. At the beginning of the onset of spraying or spraying 200 international units of streptomycin sulfate, or with 77% to kill 500 times and streptomycin sulfate 4000 times alternately irrigated roots, 250 grams per plant, every 7 to 10 days, once every 2 ~ 3 times.
Fourth, anthrax
The disease damages the leaves and fruits and can continue to harm even during storage and transportation. Pathogens are fungi, and they often overwinter in soil surface diseased plant residues or attached to seed, and are easily contagious during warm seasons, after rain, or when the soil moisture is high. After the leaves were damaged, they appeared as water-soaked lesions, which gradually expanded into brown, nearly round, and ringy. The diseased fruits appear brown oval to oblong lesions, depressions, concentric ring patterns, and often attached small black spots. When the disease is severe, it causes a large number of fallen leaves and the fruit rots.
Prevention methods: 1, timely drainage after the rain, to avoid accumulation of water. 2, choose to plant more ventilated place. 3. Spray 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 800 times or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times or copper oxychloride 800 times in the early stage of disease.
Five, locust
The insect sucks juice on the plants, causing the leaves to yellow and affect the growth. The most important hazard is the spread of viral diseases. In addition to the above-mentioned agents for the treatment of warts, it is also possible to use 1500 times as much as possible to avoid fog or kill.
Sixth, red spider, tea yellow
The two insects are mostly concentrated on the leaves of the plant. Symptomatic viral diseases can be killed by spraying with gram or konjac 1500 times.
Seven, cotton bollworm, tobacco
Commonly known as borers, more harm to the fruit, the choice of avermectin or methamphetamine salt control.
YT-T14
YT-T14
Shenzhen Sunshine Technology Co.,Ltd , https://www.szyatwin.com