Senior seedling farmers all know that seedlings are “three-point seedlings and seven-point seedlingsâ€, so it is very important to strengthen the post-care management work. Especially in autumn and winter, plants are about to enter dormancy, and their ability to resist changes in the external environment is greatly reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the management of autumn and winter maintenance such as cold protection and damage prevention. For the newly planted seedlings, the work of preventing the cold is particularly important. Strengthening cold-proof measures to prevent freezing damage to seedlings is very important for improving the survival rate, survival quality, and growth of seedlings in the following year.
The specific measures for the nursery tree autumn and winter conservation management are:
First, the main measures to enhance the plant's ability to resist cold:
1, increase organic fertilizer and phosphorus potassium fertilizer
Organic manure is a delayed fertilizer, which is a fertilizer that can be used by plants for long periods of time, such as manure, manure, and compost. Slow decomposition of organic fertilizers not only releases heat, increases ground temperature, but also increases soil fertility. After plants absorb nutrients, they can increase their own resistance and increase their ability to resist cold and drought during winter. Can be combined with fertilization on the main plant parts of soil, to cover the root of the neck is appropriate to form a cone of small mounds, can protect the roots and necks prone to frost damage winter safe.
2. Irrigation (frozen frozen water)
Pouring frozen water is an important protective measure for the wintering of seedlings in the North, which can prevent the soil around the roots of the trees from being drained by the cold wind and affect the growth and survival of the plants. Watering frozen water is particularly important for newly planted trees. This is an effective means for supplementing the necessary nutrients for wintering the trees and increasing plant resistance. This is related to the ability of trees to survive and resist disease.
(1) The function and principle of pouring frozen water: When there is a lack of water around the seedlings in winter, it is prone to frost damage. Therefore, it is necessary to timely seal the frozen water before the soil is frozen. The main principle is that the specific heat capacity of water is relatively large, and the soil temperature can be maintained in a relatively stable state. For example, if the soil moisture content is large, the soil absorbs more calories during the day, but the soil temperature does not increase sharply. In contrast, the cooling at night is relatively slow.
(2) Irrigation time: The frozen water is poured too early and it is easy for the trees to delay entering the dormancy period, which directly affects the growth and safe wintering of the next year; it is too late to be poured, and the soil is often frozen and it is difficult to make water in a short time. Seepage, and gathered on the surface, can easily cause freezing damage to the trees. Therefore, the best time for watering should be selected in the windless sunny weather that is frozen early in the afternoon. Generally, the time for pouring frozen water is from the beginning of November to the end of November when the soil is frozen and frozen.
(3) Irrigation volume: The newly planted seedlings shall be immersed in the soil after irrigation for 50-100 cm (mostly in the range of 10-100 cm depth in the root distribution range), and the lawn will irrigate the soil 20-40 cm after irrigation. (root distribution interval is generally 5-40 cm) is degree, too little watering can not meet the need, too much soil will be flushed to the rootless area, not only cause fertilizer loss, but also save water and labor.
(4) Irrigation method: When water is poured, soil should be loosened first, and the soil surface should not be compacted to facilitate water penetration. After the water is finished and the soil surface is slightly dry, it should be covered with fine dry soil or loose soil to reduce moisture. Evaporation (destruction of non-capillary pores). The height of watering rake should be more than 10cm. When watering, it should be poured thoroughly. When irrigating, it should not be directly poured on the roots. It should be poured around the root zone to prevent the water from flushing the neck and the root plate, and guide the root system to extend outward.
Second, strengthen the technical measures to prevent cold of plants:
Plant technical measures against cold
1, increase the winding
For cold-tolerant deciduous trees, shrubs and ropes can be wrapped around their trunk to prevent freezing of plant stems.
2, white
Tu white is the treatment of white seedlings with trunks. On the one hand, it can prevent cold damage and frost damage. On the other hand, it can prevent pests and diseases. In winter, most of the pests have entered the winter dormancy period. At this time, the trunk will be brushed white, which can greatly reduce the incidence and harm of spring diseases and pests, and achieve a multiplier effect. The commonly used whitening agent is a mixture of lime sulfur, its main ingredient is lime milk, salt, soy flour, lime sulfur. The commonly used formula of whitening agent is: 10 parts of water, 3 parts of quicklime, 0.5 parts of lime sulfur stock solution, 0.5 part of salt, and 0.5 part of oil (animal and vegetable oil). In addition, in order to extend the whitening period, an adhesive can also be added to the mixture. The specific method of making: first use some water to open the calcine, after the oil is poured into the fully stirred, remove the residue, made of lime milk. Then mix the salt with hot water, mix the soy flour with warm water, then pour the salt water, soya milk, lime sulfur and the remaining water into the milk of lime and stir while stirring. Finally, a small amount of alkaline or neutral pesticides can also be added to enhance insecticidal efficacy. The simple whitening agent can also be directly applied with 100 pounds of water and 20 pounds to 40 pounds of quicklime and 3 pounds of lime sulphur.
Brushing should be carried out before entering the winter. White height deciduous trees are 1m from the ground, and trunks are 0.5m from the ground.
3, root soil
The dry soil around the tree shrubs and trees, peat-shaped soil can not only retain water but also play a role in cold resistance.
Third, other autumn and winter maintenance management measures:
1, plus soil righting
After the newly planted trees have been irrigated with water, rained by the rain, or after a strong wind, the backfill soil in the pit may sink or tilt and fall. When the trees sink and soil is lost, they should be filled in time; The high level must be levelled to prevent deep-buried effects on the development of the neck and roots. For seedlings that lean over, it is necessary to properly support the soil, to irrigate the water, to prevent the wind from affecting the survival of the root system, and to provide effective support.
2, loose soil
The main purpose is to reduce the evaporation of surface moisture and maintain soil moisture; on the other hand, it is beneficial to winter irrigation, and in addition, loose soil and land can eliminate overwintering pests, and some diseased leaves are turned into soil and then watered. It rots and destroys the wintering environment of the pests. The loose soil is generally selected in the late autumn and early winter. When the soil is loose, the soil should not be too wet. The depth is based on the principle of not damaging the root. The depth of the loose soil is generally 3~10cm. The root system is deep, the loose soil is deep, the root system is shallow, and the loose soil is shallow. The roots should be shallow, the deep roots should be deep, the shrubs slightly shallow, and the trees deeper.
3, trim
Pruning is one of the important measures for tree management in landscaping. Before the winter, the branches and branches of insects, wormholes, eggs, nymphs or adult worms, leggy branches, oversize branches and dead branches are cut off. . Not only can reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases, but also can improve the performance of seedlings, improve the survival rate of trees.
(1) Pruning: a. Sparse cutting: dead branches, diseased branches, cross branches, and dense branches on the tree are all cut off from the base to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the crown, and to avoid or reduce the production of the internal branch. Barefoot phenomenon. When sparsely cut, the incision must be close to the site of the joint, and the incision should be on the opposite side of the cut-off bud, with an inclination of 45 degrees, and the incision should be smooth. If clusters and verticillate shoots need to be completely removed, they should be carried out in batches to avoid excessive wounding and affect the growth of trees. b. Short cuts: The main shoots are cut off at the tip of the shoots, causing side branches and preventing the shoots from growing. Dormant period generally cut. In the short-term development of major shoots, cut off the middle of the crown and the upper ones to reduce the consumption of water and nutrients. At the same time, we must pay attention to the appearance of the pruned tree, the protection and application of wounds.
(2) Cleavage: For stems or relatively thick main branches, branches cut off, this method has the effect of promoting the tree to rejuvenate. To reduce the wound, the upper part of the branch should be sawed obliquely downwards, keeping the convex part at the lower part of the branch point so that the wound is minimal and easy to heal. To prevent wounds from decaying due to evaporation of water or intrusion of pests and diseases, protect the wound by applying a protective agent or sealing the wound with wax, or wrap it with plastic wrap to protect the wound from healing.
(3) Formulate corresponding pruning measures for the seedlings of my tender section
a Joe bush trim
The main measures are to use branches and short cuts to cut away dead branches, diseased and infected branches, drooping branches and leggy branches. Shrubs such as gold leafhoppers, purple leaf plums, and zelkova leaves were trimmed to adjust the seedling tree shape. And cut off the dead branches, branches and branches, drooping branches, leggy branches.
b Ground cover, lawn
Weeds, shrubs, and forest weeds must be cut off on the lawns and winter dry ground. Before we get into the winter, we must cut off the dry parts of the ground to prevent winter fires.
Four: Winter Pest Control:
Winter Pest Control
In winter, pests and diseases of various seedlings enter the overwintering state in their appropriate environment. At this time, if you take advantage of the opportunity to prevent and control, you can achieve a multiplier effect.
1. Weeding and removal of dead leaves: The purpose is mainly to prevent weed seeding and prevent pests and diseases. It can be used in combination with pruning in winter to remove weeds and clean up the leaves and branches of pests to destroy the overwintering sites of aphids and planthoppers. The cut branches and leaves, weeds are burned or buried deeply. This method can also prevent and control bee worms, cockroaches, scale insects, and leaf pest moths, bridge-building insects, and cockroaches that live in dead leaves. Focusing on weeding should be based on the principle of not harming seedlings, and manual removal or cutting off methods are generally used.
2. Scrape the bark: For the old trees that have been growing for many years, the rough skin, cracks, and cracks are often hidden pests. The bark is scraped off with a knife. The principle of scraping the bark to scratch the bark should be mastered. To tender skin is degree. In addition, before the bark is scraped, a plastic sheet or the like is placed under the canopy to treat or burn the scraped bark. The scraped branches were sprayed with a small sprayer for 3 to 5 times of lime sulfur to effectively control scale insects and red spiders.
3. Use physical methods and chemical methods to eliminate overwhelming insects, insects, and larvae. There are physical methods such as manual hunting and shaking, chemical methods such as painting and spraying insecticides, etc. We plan to spray the limestone once and twice between the shrubs and trees susceptible to insect pests before entering the winter.
Clear snow
The north is snowy in winter, and after snowfall, manpower should be organized to knock down the snow on the canopy, especially the denser evergreen and coniferous trees. Snow pressure, snow folds, and snow fall should be prevented. If snow accumulates on the crown, absorption of heat during snowing will cool the tree, which will freeze the leaves on the top and outer edges of the canopy. After the snowfall, the snow piles around the roots of the tree to prevent freezing of the roots. After snowing in the spring, it can increase soil moisture, reduce soil temperature, postpone the period of root activity and sprouting, and avoid damage from late frost and spring cold.
4. In winter, windy weather can easily cause white trash, tree hung, tree lodging, and green land to catch fire. Strengthen the inspections of the green lands for conservation, increase cleaning efforts, and do a good job in winter fire protection and greenfield cleaning. We must strengthen the inspection of the “necks†dead-end position in the confinement area to ensure that the exposed garbage on the green spaces, side ditch, and slope protection on both sides of the road are thoroughly cleared.
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