Pepper is one of the main vegetables and cash crops in China. In recent years, the production technology has developed rapidly. However, due to lack of planting technology and management experience, if the seedling period is not properly managed, pests and diseases will occur seriously and affect production. Today, Xiaobian will introduce the common pests and diseases of pepper seedlings and their control methods.
First, the disease characteristics
1. Gray mold symptoms
Gray mold occurs mostly in the late stage of pepper breeding. Most of the seedlings are rotted from the tip of the leaf, and then spread into the leaves in a "V" shape. The lesions are brownish brown. When the stem is inoculated, brown irregular spots are produced, the seedlings are broken from the diseased part, and the gray environment grows in the humid environment.
2. squatting symptoms
Mainly harmful to the seedling stage, water-stained lesions appeared at the base of the stem, which turned yellow-brown in a short time, the tissue of the diseased part was rotted, dried and sag, and the contracture was linear, and the plant fell to the ground. In the early stage, only a few seedlings developed, forming a central disease plant, and then the bacteria were infected by rainwater and agricultural activities. In the case of high humidity, white cotton mites grow on the surface of the diseased body and nearby soil.
3. Blight symptoms
The newly emerged seedlings and the large seedlings planted in the field can be harmed, and most of them occur in the middle and late stages of nursery. Dark brown lesions appear on the base of the diseased shoots, which are oval and obviously concave. At the beginning of the disease, the diseased seedlings are wilting during the day and return to normal in the morning and evening. After the lesions gradually sag and expand, around the stem for a week, shrinking dry and die. Standing dead and pale brown filamentous mildew is the main basis for identifying the disease.
Second, the incidence of pepper disease
The pathogens of the above diseases all overwinter in the residue or soil of the diseased plant, and when the environmental conditions are appropriate, they directly invade the host. Especially when the seeding is too dense, low temperature and humidity, excessive watering, poor light and poor ventilation, it is more likely to cause pepper death.
Third, the recommended prevention and treatment methods
The prevention and control of pepper dead seedlings should be based on the cultivation management of the seedbed, supplemented by chemical control.
1. Select resistant varieties, seed disinfection
It should be used with wide adaptability, strong resistance, high quality and abundant products. Soak seeds with 50 ° C -55 ° C warm water for 10 min - 15 min before sowing.
2. Remove diseased plants in time and strengthen field management
After the onset of emergence, the diseased plants and the surrounding soil should be removed and concentrated. Control temperature and humidity, and prevent low temperature and high humidity. Strengthen ventilation and light transmission, pay attention to avoid continuous rainy and foggy days after watering, and drain in time after heavy rain.
3. Reasonable rotation, agricultural control
Rotation with legume crops or water and drought rotation to reduce the residual amount of soil pathogens. Add organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, scientifically fertilize, cultivate strong seedlings, and control the excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer.
4. Chemical control
1. Before the onset of sputum disease, spray rot (Fluorine-containing allicin) 1500-2000 times of emulsifiable concentrate for prevention, and spray the 1000 times solution of è€åŠ›æ°´å‰‚1~2 times at the beginning of the disease;
2. Before the disease and the early stage of the disease, spray rot light (Fluorine) 1500-2000 times of emulsifiable concentrate or even brake (80% allicin) 1500-2000 times of emulsifiable concentrate; spray 0.1 at the seedling stage of gray mold %-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, enhances disease resistance.
3. If the seedbed only finds the blight alone, use only 70% pentachloronitrobenzene powder, and mix with the same amount of 50% thiram double wettable powder or 40% seed dressing double wettable powder.
4, the initial stage of the disease can be selected with 40% thiophanate-methyl suspension 500 times dilution; 5% Jinggangmycin aqueous solution 1500 times dilution, 15% carbaryl water agent 450 times dilution; Blight blight, can be sprayed with a mixture of 800 times 72.2% Plex water agent and 50% Fumei double wettable powder, 50% yield WP WP 800-1000 times solution, 30% Miao bacteria WP 800 times Liquid, 30% can be dried 1500-2000 times liquid. Spray once every 7-10 days, and control 2-3 times as appropriate.
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