In the planting process, fertilization is a concern of the majority of growers, fertilization is good, and plants grow well. Improper fertilization may cause crop seedling death. In the planting process, crops often have problems due to improper fertilization or lack of elements, but with the advancement of technology, different types of fertilizers have appeared one after another, such as seaweed fertilizer, microbial fertilizer, bacterial fertilizer, and carbon fertilizer, so many fertilizers are flying all over the sky. Farmers get big heads, and the following small series will explain the use of these fertilizers for you.
For fertilization, 99% of farmers still do not know a few basic questions:
1. How much fertilizer does my orchard need in a year? How much is the amount of fertilizer applied now?
2. What elements are missing in my fruit tree? Why do I clearly show that this type of elemental fertilizer is also a deficiency?
3. What is the optimal ratio of different nutrients during fertilization?
For these questions, the answer given by Xiao Bian is because many farmers now have misunderstandings in fertilization, specifically the following:
First, blind use of fertilizer, nitrogen and potassium are generally excessive
At present, in China's economic crop cultivation, 1000 kg of fruit is produced, and the amount of pure nitrogen is often as high as 15-30 kg, which is generally excessive, and the ratio of NPK is about 1:0.2:0.7. Excessive nitrogen fertilizer often causes poor fruit color change, long shoots, and frequent pests and diseases.
Potassium fertilizer in the southern orchard is also often in an excess state, but the potassium fertilizer does not easily flow in the soil, and it is basically fixed where it is fixed. Although most of the potassium ions can move to the roots by diffusion, the root system can only touch a small part of the soil, so the effect is not great.
The situation of phosphate fertilizer is the same, because the movement of superphosphate in the soil is very small, the range is only 0.5cm, 3cm is difficult to exceed, in the previous utilization of low field crop utilization rate of 10%-25%, citrus more low. Because of the low utilization rate, in order to increase the sweetness and fruit quality, fruit farmers are more likely to apply more phosphate fertilizers and potassium fertilizers, especially high-yield orchards. The use of imported compound fertilizers in large quantities seems to be the only criterion for obtaining high yields.
Second, ignore the trace elements, the short board is shorter
Because of the low content of organic matter, serious acidification of the soil, and the imbalance of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, zinc and boron in the fertilizer, excessive phosphorus (complex fertilizer), little or no magnesium, zinc and boron.
After the soil survey, the soil of the economic crops in the south of China, in the case of the general excess of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, calcium, zinc, zinc and other trace elements are generally lacking. And this is still the case in recent years, when fruit farmers have generally attached importance to the addition of trace elements to fruit trees.
In fact, calcium, magnesium, zinc and boron are extremely important for crop growth. Magnesium is the fourth largest element in citrus growth after NPK. Calcium plays an important role in fruit cell wall formation. Zinc and boron are important for crop flowering and young fruit. Growth plays a very important role. Especially in the orchard after high yield, the average exchange magnesium content is less than 1/15 of the ideal value. The calcium content is also less than 1/20 of the ideal value.
In the nutrition theory, we always talk about the short board theory, that is, the most lack of nutrients often determines the final output of the whole orchard. In actual production, the lack of any element of calcium, magnesium, zinc and boron will cause short board. Any problem in the flowering, fruit-preserving, or cracking of the fruit will cause a large loss in the orchard.
Third, acidification, imbalance of nutrition, low organic matter
In addition, the survey by the Chinese Orange Institute also found that the current content of iron, manganese and aluminum in the orchard is high, magnesium, zinc, boron and copper are lacking, and red soil calcium is low. There are several other factors affecting fertilizer efficiency. 1. Soil pH value, 6-6.5 is most suitable. At present, most of the soil in the southern citrus production area is acidic, and the overall appearance is relatively acidic. The pH value will significantly affect the absorbability of various mineral elements.
The soil organic matter content of 2%-6% is the best. Farmers love to use chemical fertilizers. The organic matter content in the fruit tree area is generally low, less than 0.5%, which in turn exacerbates the lack of trace elements and causes a large number of yellowed orchards. These orchards want high quality and high yield, and the possibility is very low.
In the current situation where NPK is generally excessive, and calcium, magnesium, zinc and boron are generally insufficient, we should appropriately reduce the use of a large number of elements and increase the use of medium and trace elements. Moreover, the combination of medium and trace elements reaches a scientific and reasonable proportion.
The above is about the introduction of fertilizers. The above mainly introduces the role and application skills of trace element fertilizers in a large number of elemental fertilizers. Do you understand the growers? I hope that these contents can be helped by Hui Nong. Planters!
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