Winter irrigation in orchards is good for water storage and flood control, prevention of spring drought, leveling of ground temperature, prevention of frost damage to fruit trees, and reduction of overwintering pests. The technical points are:
1. Winter irrigation time. Winter irrigation is too early, the temperature is still high, evaporation is large, is not conducive to water conservation; late, the temperature is lowered, the soil is frozen, water is not easy to infiltrate, frozen water, fruit tree roots are vulnerable to freezing damage; generally about 3 °C in temperature, 5cm soil temperature of about 5 °C, surface soil night when the cold and winter irrigation is good.
2. Irrigation. The amount of irrigation water in winter should be fully infiltrated with water on the day of irrigation and soaked in the root distribution layer (40-60 cm). After the irrigation, the soil moisture is maintained at 60% to 85% of the maximum water capacity in the field.
3. Irrigation method. In orchards with good water sources and well-watered irrigation facilities, furrow irrigation or ring-shaped furrow irrigation can be used. In orchards with poor conditions of water sources and equipment, discoid soil can be sprayed around the outer edge of the canopy. Orchards with good conditions can also use drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation. Regardless of the method used, if a suitable amount of decomposed human excreta can be applied before irrigation, the effect will be better.
4. Cover insurance. After the winter irrigation, the whole garden ground cover is covered with rice straw, wheat straw, chaff, wheat bran, weeds, etc. to protect and prevent freezing; when it is covered, the straw should be cut into short sections of about 10 cm to prevent it from being blown by the wind. If there is no covering condition, the soil will be loosened immediately after irrigation to prevent and reduce the evaporation of water.
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