China's beef and mutton market in recent years has been good, most of the time is a bullish trend, and the volume of imports and exports is also growing. So how do you breed high-quality beef cattle for cattle farmers? Let's take a look at a standardized quality production technology for beef cattle.
(1) Topography selection: Standardized production of beef cattle is carried out, and the site selection of the community barn is very important. The cattle farm should choose the open area with high terrain, dryness and shelter from the wind. Choose the sandy loam with good soil permeability, choose the area away from pathogens and organic pollutants, choose the high quality water source and the groundwater rich area, choose not to be polluted by the environment and convenient transportation. Keep away from the school and residential areas.
(II) Shelf cattle selection: The shelf cattle breeds that produce high-quality beef should choose the two or three yuan of cross-breeding of five large yellow cattle and foreign high-quality beef cattle breeds in China, such as Luxi Yellow Cattle, Jinnan Cattle, Qinchuan Cattle, Nanyang Cattle and Yanbian Cattle. Hybrid cattle are best. Choose strong body, long limbs and body, high width of forequarters, high hind limbs, soft and soft skin, soft and dense coat, age 12 to 20 months, strong bulls weighing about 300 kg.
(3) Standardized production: In the standardized production process:
(1) Unification of roughage supply. The sources of fattening shelf cattle roughage are mainly corn stover, peanut meal, mantle and high protein forage. Among them, the price of feed corn is low, the yield is high, and the nutrition is comprehensive. The soil fertile and irrigated conditions should be selected, and the plots close to the community cattle farm should be spring or summer. It is necessary to use 0.13 to 0.2 hectares of corn stalks or 0.067 to 0.1 hectares of whole planted panicle silage corn for fattening a shelf cow. In the late stage of feed corn, hormones and pesticides cannot be used, so that there is no pesticide residue in corn kernels and straw.
(2) Unified procurement. The corn, bran, bean cake, cottonseed cake and other fine feeds required for the growth of the shelf cattle are uniformly purchased, and the feed is concentrated and tested to ensure that there are no pesticide residues, no toxic substances, no mold and no pollution.
(3) Unified feed formula. Take high-energy feed balance diet and intensity fattening. Veterinary drugs, concentrated concentrates, additives, beef cattle weight-increasing agents, etc., which are purchased from shelf cattle, should be uniformly purchased with nationally recognized brands. It is strictly forbidden to use residual veterinary drugs and counterfeit and shoddy products to ensure that beef cattle are raised according to pollution-free standards.
(4) Unified technical training, technical guidance, timely summary and promotion of good experiences and practices.
(5) The shelf cattle that produce high-quality beef cattle can generally be slaughtered after 120-180 days of concentrated fattening. The shelf cows enter the barn after strict disinfection. In the column, it is necessary to observe for 10 to 15 days to confirm that there is no disease and no bad habits can be incorporated into the cattle. Adding anti-stress drugs such as multivitamin to clean drinking water can reduce the stress response during the journey, and provide a good palatability feed in time. Stomach, deworming. The daily food is mainly based on roughage such as greenish feed, dry corn stover powder, silage corn, and dregs feed, which can reduce the hidden diseases of the shelf cattle and save the concentrate. The ratio of refined crude material in cattle in the diet is preferably from 3:7 to 2:8. After the shelf cattle are adapted to local growth for 60 to 80 days, the concentrate should be gradually increased. The fine material is preferably finely crushed, which is good for ruminating and digestion. The coarse material is better to silage the whole plant corn, and it should be gradually added during the adding process, and pay attention to prevent the disease such as diarrhea, flatulence, acidosis and the like, and the ratio of fine and coarse materials is preferably 6:4 to 7:3. In order to protect the cattle, only eat more material, how long meat, during the fattening period can be taken 3 times a day or multiple feeds, 24 hours free drinking water (the back of the cattle trough is 15 cm deep below the trough 15 cm) The width of 25 cm is suitable for the sink), the daily gain of cattle can reach 1.5 to 2 kg.
(6) In the late fattening period, the fat of cattle is stored between various parts of the body, and there is anorexia in beef cattle breeding. It is necessary to change the feeding method in time, increase the content of silage and green feed, and add some feed additives to help digestion. To improve the feed of beef cattle. At the same time give the beef cattle proper exercise.
(4) Standardized management:
(1) Disinfection of the barn. Before entering the shelf, the barn should be thoroughly disinfected with 2% caustic soda solution. After entering the cattle, keep disinfecting twice a week. A disinfection tank is set up at the entrance of the breeding community, and disinfectant or disinfected wet grass scorpion can also be stored.
(2) Establish a separate observation room for sick cattle. Once unhealthy shelf cows are found to be treated in isolation, it is strictly forbidden to use prohibited veterinary drugs.
(3) Newly-launched cattle should be numbered, registered, registered, card-made, and ear-marked. The “one cow, one card†tracking management should be implemented to regulate the special person to inspect the cattle house and prevent the epidemic.
(4) Feeded beef cattle are weighed regularly. Calculate the feed remuneration to ensure that the feed has no mildew and no odor, and timely improvement of inappropriate measures. The cow house should be warmed to the winter shed, the room temperature should not be lower than 10 °C, the summer shed should be exposed to the sun, the temperature should not exceed 30 °C, and the relative humidity should be 60% to 75%.
(5) Timely release. When the beef cattle are raised to a weight of 600 kg or more, they should be promptly released to prevent the cattle from eating the meat, and the reward is low, which is not worth the loss. It is necessary to fill the gaps in the cells in a timely manner, and the cowshed can be fully utilized to improve the utilization rate.
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