In May, the new shoots of walnuts grew fastest, the fruits increased rapidly, the flower buds began to differentiate, and various pests and diseases were very easy to occur. The management goal of this period was to monitor the development momentum of various diseases; maintain a strong tree; late May That is to start sprouting seedlings.
First, management technology
1. Management of newly planted walnut seedlings:
Choose to stay strong. The main task of the first planting of walnut seedlings is to cultivate the center. After the short cut of the walnut seedlings, when the new shoots grow to about 10 cm, choose an upright and strong new shoot culture center to dry, and the other new shoots are erased. At the same time, the new shoots should be guarded against leaf-feeding pests, insect-proof bags or spray protection.
Fertilization. When the new shoots grow to 15-20 cm, the top dressing is carried out by 20-30 cm from the seedlings, and 0.1 kg of urea is applied in three different directions. After fertilization, the water is covered to promote decomposition of the fertilizer for absorption.
Go fruit. If the results are found in the newly planted walnut seedlings, they should be removed in time.
2, two-year-old walnut tree management:
Smear. Remove the buds and tips within 50 cm from the ground.
top dressing. In the first half of May, 0.15 kg of urea was applied, and the method was the same as the newly planted walnut seedlings.
3, three-year-old walnut tree management:
Fertilization. At the time of flowering, the plant applied 0.25 kg of urea, 40 cm from the tree, and dug 4 radial grooves in 4 different directions, and covered with water after fertilization.
Pull the branch. In May, I went to the field to observe in time, and found that the branches that were raised continued to pull the branches. At the same time, check the ropes and wooden piles of the pull branches for rot and looseness, and fix them in time.
Shu Xiong. Except for the male flowers on the pollination tree, the remaining trees are 80%-90%. Reduce consumption.
Artificial assisted pollination.
(1) Collecting pollen: Collect the male inflorescences that are about to be loose powder (the male flowers turn from green to yellow) or just loose powder from the local large walnut trees. Place them in a place without direct sunlight, and collect them in a bottle after 1-2 days. The pollen vigor can be maintained for 5 days under conditions, and can be kept in the refrigerator at 3 °C for 15 days. Pay attention to the proper ventilation of the bottled pollen to prevent mold.
(2) Pollination period: When the female flower is in the shape of “inverted eight charactersâ€, the feathery stigma secretes a large amount of mucus as the best pollination period.
(3) Pollination method: The small tree can use a brush to lick a small amount of pollen and gently bounce it on the stigma. Be careful not to wipe it directly onto the stigma. The big tree is shaken with a pollen bag, which is to put the pollen into a 2-4 layer gauze bag, seal the bag mouth, squat on the bamboo bar, and then shake gently on the windward side of the canopy.
Second, pest control
1. Control pests and diseases, prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases
In the northern part of China, serious pests and diseases do not occur, so it is generally not necessary to prevent or prevent the use of spraying. However, in some years, due to the climate and other reasons, it will lead to the occurrence of a certain disease or insect, which seriously affects the yield and harvest of walnuts in that year. Therefore, we must not be numb, and we should always monitor the occurrence trend and scale of various pests and diseases.
You should always go to the park to “walk aroundâ€. If you find that there are a lot of eggs in a certain insect, determine the degree of damage and discuss the necessity of prevention and treatment.
2. Gypsy moth control measures
(1) Using larvae to have the habit of latent trees in the daytime, they can pile stones under the trees to trap them; in winter, the egg pieces in the bark, mantle and stone crevices are excavated, concentrated or placed in sarongs, Protects the normal emergence of parasitic wasps.
(2) scrape the rough skin from 50-100 cm from the ground, and use the pine caterpillar to kill the stick (the active ingredients are deltamethrin and pyrethroid). Apply a circle of two rings (rings). 1 cm wide and 10 cm apart).
(3) The larvae were sprayed with 2.5% deltamethrin EC 4000-6000 times solution, or 75% phoxim EC 2000 times solution, or 50% dichlorvos EC 1000 times solution on the tree before the 3rd instar.
(4) The larvae had a polyhedrosis virus before the 3rd instar. The dead body of the virus-infected dead body is mashed and diluted with water to be 2000-3000 times sprayed.
3, green tail large moth control measures
(1) Artificially catching fresh insects according to the ground, looking for larvae to catch and kill, and picking insects during the phlegm period to eliminate cockroaches.
(2) In the major occurrence of chemical control, spray 90% crystal trichlorfon 800 times solution or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times solution in the larval stage.
4, wooden ruler prevention measures
(1) In areas where serious occurrences occur, artificial excavation can be carried out before freezing in autumn and after thawing in early spring.
(2) Artificially killing adults every morning during the adulthood. Areas with large occurrences can be trapped in the evening during the adult season, or trapped by lights.
(3) Grasp the larval stage of the second and third instars, that is, spray control for 20-25 days after the adult emergence period. The agent can be used with 90% crystal trichlorfon 800 times solution, or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 1500 times solution, or 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate 4000-6000 times solution.
5, Xiaoji Dingworm prevention and control measures
(1) Reasonable planning, planting trees in an appropriate way, strengthening management, and enhancing the planting of walnut trees in trees should choose deep and fertile land. And to choose strong seedlings, usually strengthen management, timely fertilization and watering, promote tree growth, improve pest resistance.
(2) artificially control the walnuts before harvesting to the leaves, or within 1 month after the germination of the walnut trees in the spring, completely remove the damaged shoots and concentrate on destruction, which can eliminate the wintering larvae or mites.
(3) Baidu wood attracting eggs in the adult feathering spawning period (early from early June to early July), timely set up some bait wood, and induce the integrated insects to destroy in time after spawning.
(4) Pharmacy prevention and control adult can be sprayed with 25% carbaryl wettable powder 500 times solution, or 80% dichlorvos emulsion 800 times solution, or 50% phosphorus amine emulsion 800-1000 times solution, or 2.5% deltamethrin The ester emulsion is 4000 times liquid to kill adult insects and eggs. In the larval damage period, after the damage is found, apply kerosene dichlorvos (2:1) or 40% omethoate emulsion 5-10 times at the insect to poison the larvae.
(5) Protecting natural enemies There are two kinds of parasitic wasps in the larvae of walnuts. The general parasitic rate can reach 16%, and the highest can reach 56%. Pay attention to protection and utilization.
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