In China's wheat-producing areas, especially in the high-yield fields of Huanghuai and northern winter wheat fields, the early stage of growth is often due to dry heat and premature aging to reduce the grain weight. Delaying aging and increasing grain weight have become technical problems to be solved in the production of high-yield fields of 400-500 kg per mu and 600 kg of super-high-yield fields.
The key points of cultivation techniques for delaying aging and increasing grain weight are:
1. The first fertilizer in the spring moves backward, that is, the nitrogen fertilizer moves backward, which is the physiological basis for delaying aging and increasing grain weight. In this way, the photosynthesis rate of flag leaves in late growth stage can be improved, the absorption capacity of roots in wheat growth stage can be enhanced, the proportion of photosynthetic products to grain distribution can be increased, and the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by plants, especially fertilizer nitrogen, can be promoted.
2. Reduce the amount of nitrogen applied to the bottom and increase the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer. In the conventional cultivation, the ratio of bottom or bottom application of nitrogen fertilizer is too large (the ratio of bottom dressing is 1:0 or 7:3) to reduce the amount of nitrogen applied to the bottom and increase the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer (bottom ratio is 5:5 or 3). : 7), solved the problem that the quality of strong gluten and medium gluten wheat varieties in production is not up to national standards and the yield is not high. Nitrogen fertilizer can significantly increase nitrate reductase activity in flag leaf before and after grain filling, enhance nitrogen assimilation ability, improve grain protein quality, increase photosynthetic rate of flag leaf after flowering, prolong photosynthetic high value duration, improve grain starch quality and improve Yield.
3. Change traditional irrigation to low-fix irrigation in the middle and early growth period, and control irrigation in the later period. In areas with an average annual precipitation of about 600 mm, the traditional irrigation bottom water, winter water, joint water, booting water, and grouting water are changed to the bottom water, the water, the water, and the water, saving 1~2 times of watering. It solves the problem that the number of irrigations in conventional cultivation is large, the amount of irrigation is large, and the quality of strong gluten wheat varieties is reduced due to improper irrigation period.
In addition, potassium and sulfur fertilizers should be added in appropriate amounts. Potassium application increased the activity of sucrose synthase and soluble protein in flag leaf of wheat, prolonged the duration of photosynthetic high value and achieved anti-aging, increased grain weight, increased yield and improved quality. High-yield, high-quality and high-efficiency potassium application is 7.5~11.25 kg per mu. Appropriate application of sulphur fertilizer can increase nitrate reductase activity in flag leaves and roots of wheat during late growth, delay aging, increase grain weight, increase yield and improve quality. High yield, high quality and high efficiency of sulfur application is about 4.5 kg per mu of pure sulfur
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