In the cultivation of fruit trees, especially the cultivation of deciduous fruit trees, we often hear the saying that "this autumn leaves fall early, the results will be small and small next year" or "this autumn leaves are good, and the results will be high next year." Generally speaking, after the fruit trees are picked in the autumn, we only pay attention to the application of the base fertilizer. In the winter, we carry out the winter pruning. It is rare to hear that it is necessary to protect the leaves in the autumn. Then why are there such sayings that "this autumn leaves fall early and the results are small and small next year"?
The leaves of the fruit tree are the main assimilated organs of the fruit trees. The level of leaf function and the length of life affect the normal physiological activities of fruit trees. At the same time, the leaves also perform the physiological functions of transpiration, respiration and nutrient absorption of fruit trees. The leaves of evergreen fruit trees also have the function of storing nutrients. The organic matter synthesized by the leaves supplies the nutrients required for the near buds or flower buds. Therefore, ensuring the soundness of the leaves is the primary measure to improve the quality of flower buds in fruit cultivation. It is necessary to do a good job in orchard management all the year round, especially to prevent and cure pests and diseases.
However, in the cultivation of fruit trees in general, people tend to focus only on the management of the fruiting period, while ignoring the leaf-preserving work after fruit harvesting. It is not known that after harvesting, the new shoots stop growing. At this time, it is the accumulation stage of photosynthetic products, ensuring that the leaves are intact, preventing premature senescence of leaves, and obviously increasing the accumulation and storage of nutrients, which has a great effect on promoting the growth and development of fruit trees in the second year. .
According to our understanding, the autumn leaf preservation is mainly to make good use of the physiological functions of the leaves to absorb nutrients. When the fruit tree passes through the early flowering result period, it consumes a lot of nutrients, and after the fruit is picked, the tree potential will be particularly weak. At this time, the fruit trees should face the nutritional needs of flower bud differentiation. Second, they must face the problem of timely supplementing nutrition and enhancing the smooth wintering of the tree. The fruit trees of this period are in the period of nutrient accumulation and storage.
At this time, the nutrient accumulation and storage comes from the timely supplement of our base fertilizer, and on the other hand, it produces various nutrients through leaf photosynthesis. The nutritional supplements in these two aspects will not work on the one hand. After the nutrients produced by the leaves are returned to the branches and roots, the fruit trees can be successfully wintered to ensure the normal differentiation of the flower buds. The situation of flower bud differentiation is directly related to the yield of fruit trees in the coming year, so there is such a saying that "this autumn leaves fall early, the results will be small and small next year" or "this autumn leaves are good, and the results will be high next year."
Therefore, in general, if there is a problem with the leaves of the fruit trees in the autumn, measures need to be taken to prevent the leaves from falling off prematurely, thus affecting the normal flower bud differentiation and nutrient storage of the fruit trees. Therefore, the autumn leaf is very important. For the measures to protect the leaves, it is mainly to strengthen the management of the fruit trees. The fertilization is applied to the fertilization. The prevention and control of pests and diseases will prevent pests and diseases, and in order to ensure the robustness of the trees, the premature detachment of the leaves can be effectively prevented. In addition, in the fall, the following measures can be taken to protect the blades.
A minor injury to the blade. Autumn is the time when the leaves are in the most debilitating period, and this time is also the period of fruit picking. If at this time, a large number of leaves are damaged during fruit picking, the leaves will turn yellow and fall off prematurely. Therefore, when harvesting fruits, it is necessary to minimize the damage to the leaves, and the order should be carried out in the order of first, second, second, and second. Use a ladder to use more trees, even if you are on a tree, avoid touching the flower buds and damage the leaves.
B control pests and diseases. If pests and diseases that damage the leaves are found, it is necessary to use pollution-free pesticides scientifically, timely and efficiently.
C foliar spray fertilizer. Immediately after the fruit picking, spray 500 times of amino acid liquid fertilizer, add 0.3%-0.5% urea and 0.3%-0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, spray once more every 10 days, even spray 2 times to make up the nutrition. Delays blade aging and early shedding. Two weeks before the leaves, the nitrogen fertilizer was re-sprayed once, that is, the leaves were sprayed once with 0.5%-1% urea solution to increase the nitrogen nutrition level of the branches and roots. On the basis of foliar spray fertilizer, especially if it is not possible to carry out foliar spray fertilizer in time, it can be dried 3-5 times with 3-5 times of amino acid liquid fertilizer and adding appropriate amount of urea.
D do a good job of autumn scissors. After picking the fruit, timely cleaning of the temporary temporary auxiliary branches and other temporary branches can improve the light conditions in the canopy and promote leaf photosynthesis and nutrient accumulation. Cutting off the tip of the autumn shoot not only improves the light, but also effectively improves the ability of the large shoots to absorb nutrients and increases the nutrient storage of the tree.
E early application of base fertilizer. The organic fertilizer is applied as early as possible after fruit picking, and the earlier the effect, the better. After harvesting the fruit, combined with cultivating, the base fertilizer is applied to the tree. After fertilization, the soil should be timely irrigated and protected to improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil under the tree, which is beneficial to absorb nutrients and water and improve the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves.
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