Winter coating. The white trunk in winter can not only prevent sunburn and frost damage of fruit trees, but also eliminate a large number of winter bacteria and pests on the trunk. The formulation ratio of whitening agent is generally: 10 parts of quick lime, 2 parts of stone sulfur mixture, 1-2 parts of table salt, 2 parts of clay, and 35-40 parts of water. The time of whitening is preferably 2 times, the first time is after the fruit tree leaves fall and the soil is frozen, the second time is in early spring.
Winter binding. Utilizing the selectivity of pests for overwintering sites, after autumn, the straw or sacks are tied to the branches of fruit trees to attract pests to pupate overwintering and then kill them intensively. According to surveys, this method can attract 47-78% of the trapping insects on apples and pear trees. It also has some effects on hawthorn red spiders, date slime, spiral leaf miner, apple leaf curl moth, brown leaf curl moth, etc. Good trapping effect, especially when the density of overwintering insects is large, the trapping effect is more obvious.
Winter scrape. As the saying goes: "Eat pears and shave the bark." A large number of overwintering germs and pests are often lurking in the rough skin, warped bark of the fruit tree and cracks in the trunk. Winter scraping the bark has a good control effect on a variety of diseases and insect pests. Based on surveys from various places, after scraping orchards, the wintering larvae of date armyworms and pear star caterpillars decreased by 80-90%, the apple worms and pear worms reduced by 60-80%, and the hawthorn red spiders decreased by 70-80%.
Winter plowing. Cotton bollworms generally pupate overwintering at a distance of 2.5-6 cm (up to 9 cm deep) from the ground. Winter ploughing can damage the carcass, change the natural state of the carcass, and reduce the emergence rate in the spring; The ground surface can make it dry, freeze or be eaten by natural enemies; part of the maggots can be turned deep into the soil, so that it can't emerge normally and suffocate, thereby reducing the source of overwintering insects. The earlier the winter plowing time, the better. Generally, it should be carried out immediately after the previous crop is harvested. Before the land is frozen (the frozen soil layer is more than 5 cm), the ploughing is completed to extend the weathering time, improve the pest control effect, and facilitate more acceptance. Rain and snow. The ploughing depth should be more than 10 cm; the deeper the winter ploughing, the better the pest control effect. It should be noted that, due to the strong flight ability of adult cotton bollworm, winter ploughing must be carried out on a large area to be effective; in addition to the reserved cotton stubble field, wheat field interplanting rows, orchard vacancies, etc., also need winter ploughing.
Winter irrigation. Winter irrigation followed by winter or spring irrigation can not only sink and weather the soil, but also increase the mortality of overwintering crickets. According to the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, when the relative water content of the soil is 40%, the death rate of the cotton bollworm is 35.7%, and the adult emergence rate is 40%. When the soil water content is 70%, the death rate of the cotton bollworm is 46.7%, and the adult The emergence rate was 33.3%; when the soil moisture content was saturated, the mortality of the salamander was 100%. Other data indicate that overwintering mortality rates of cotton bollworm maggots in winter-cultivated and winter-irrigated plots are about 80%, and that of plots that are tilled and irrigated are 60-70%, and that of uncultivated and irrigated plots are only 30-40. %.
Winter sun. In the cold winter, the cotton seeds are frozen and sun-treated. The first is to reduce the moisture content of the seeds and increase the storability. The second is to increase the germination rate of the seeds and enhance the cold resistance of the seedlings after the seeds are sown. Low temperature can directly freeze and kill cotton pests that overwinter in cottonseed (according to investigation, cotton bollworm larvae that overwinter in cottonseed usually account for about 15% of wintering insects), while ultraviolet rays in the sun can kill some of the Pathogens on the seed surface. Freeze-drying method: choose sunny day and spread the selected cotton seeds on the leeward and sunny open space, with a thickness of 3-4 cm, and freeze-dry for 7-10 days; if you plant for 3-5 days before spring sowing, the effect is better. For cotton seeds with a moisture content of more than 12%, don't do freezing sun treatment, so as to avoid damaging the seeds and losing the germination ability.
Winter shovel. Eliminate weeds. After the crops are harvested, some pests often transfer to the field and surrounding weeds to overwinter, and in early spring, these weeds often become a "shelter" and wild host for the overwintering pest reproduction; related experts have used weeds around cotton fields. According to a survey, there were 8-15 tigers per square meter in wintering ground. Cotton spider spiders on early spring weed hosts, the number of worms (eggs) per hundred square meters were as high as 1194. Therefore, combining winter and spring with accumulation of fertilizer to make fertilizers, eradicating weeds in and out of the field, or spraying weeds in early spring is an effective measure to control overwintering pests.
Winter burn. Some pests (such as corn borer, etc.) often hide in the stalks or cobs of host crops for wintering after harvesting; in winter or early spring, by using the stalks or cobs of these host crops as fuel (or feed, fertilizer, etc.) ) Burning can greatly reduce the wintering base of pests. However, it is now advocated to return the straw to the field, and it is more valuable to return to the field as a fertilizer after rot.
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