The normal harvest time for mangoes in Sanya, Hainan, and Xuwen, Guangdong is from May to June. Through the off-season mango production technology, mangoes can be listed earlier in February-April, with good quality and high prices. Generally speaking, the average yield per mango orchard in the off-season mango orchard is about 750 kg, and those with high yields can reach about 1,250 kg.
However, some mangoes still have some technical problems in the off-season high-yield cultivation, resulting in lower yields. According to preliminary investigation, the average annual yield per mu of some low-yielding mango orchards is only about 300 kg. What is the reason for such a large output gap, and what are the technical problems in increasing output? What countermeasures should be taken?
Three factors affect the off-season mango production. The first is bad weather. The flowering and fruiting stage of mango is in the cold and dry winter and spring, and its yield is greatly affected by the bad winter and spring climate. It is understood that there are two climatic factors affecting mango production: â‘ low temperature and rain. Although the timely low temperature can promote the differentiation of mango flower buds, the low temperature and rainy weather after flowering will cause the mango to drop flowers, pollinate poorly, the ears will turn black, and the fruit set rate will be low. â‘¡ Long-term continuous high temperature. Mango trees need a certain low temperature to facilitate flower bud differentiation. If the flower buds are differentiated for a long period of time, it will be difficult to head.
The second is the physiological and metabolic disorders of fruit trees. Some orchards that use Paclobutrazol to promote flowering, due to the lack of application of supporting flowering cultivation techniques and long-term excessive drug use, have caused physiological disturbances in plants, long flower spikes, and irrational bisexual flower formation. , More physiological fruit.
The third is lack of water. Some orchards have less fertilization and less soil nutrients, resulting in malnutrition of fruit trees and affecting yield. Especially the flowering mango, due to its shortened vegetative growth period and less nutrient accumulation, the lack of fertilizer has a greater impact on yield. The anti-season mango flowering and fruiting period is in the dry winter and spring. The lack of water seriously affected the increase of mango yield.
Five measures to increase the yield of off-season mangoes. According to the above-mentioned main factors affecting the yield of off-season mangoes, the high-yield cultivation of off-season mangoes should pay attention to the technical problems and production practices that can be solved. The following countermeasures can be used to help some orchard mangoes increase their yields.
First, predict climate and regulate flowering. According to the comprehensive analysis of the climate requirements of mango flowering and pollination and the market demand for mango, it is best to arrange the flowering period of mango in Sanya City from mid to late November. If it is predicted that the bad weather meets the flowering of mango, or that the market price of mango is not good at the time of listing, 500PPM (that is, 15 kg of water and 19 ml of medicine) can be used to spray 40% ethephon on the foliage, and the flowering period can be delayed by 20-30 days.
For prematurely drawn flower ears, it can be wiped from the base or cut short from several bud positions below the top bud of the base to promote the redifferentiation of inflorescences of the lateral buds. Applying a flower spike once can delay the flowering period by 15-45 days. When the temperature is high, the flower spikes must be pumped a few more times to avoid bad weather. If the mango is to bloom from mid to late November, Xiaoqingpi, Tainong, Luzon, etc. can be treated with PP333 in the mixed soil when the second leaves are aging in mid-July. White ivory can be mixed with water in late July. If the application is dry, it can be done early. Because after the dry application of paclobutrazol, it will take some time to wait for the rain to dissolve the drug before it can take effect.
Second, the wrong flowering period guarantees yield. If it encounters unfavorable weather, it will not reduce production in an all-round way. Paclobutrazol can be applied in stages, that is, the same variety, the same orchard is applied in two or more stages, and the flowering stage of paclobutrazol is separated by about 10 days in each stage.
15 grams of commercial drug powder of 15% PP333 was applied per meter of canopy projection diameter for varieties of Tainong, Xiaoqingpi, and white ivory. Easy flowering varieties such as Qiumang, 12 grams of powder applied per meter of crown diameter; difficult flowering varieties such as coconut fragrant 20 grams. Mix each medicinal powder with about 2 kg of water, and apply it to the ring groove within the drip line of the canopy to restore the soil and keep the soil moist within 15 days.
Third, urge flowers. After the second stalk is stable, if there is too much rain or the weather is hot, the mango may be pumped again. You can add 8-10 ml of ethephon every 15 kg of water, and then add 50 grams of Paclobutrazol (500PPM). Spray the leaves. On the other hand, the degree of medicinal solution is not dropped. Generally spray 2-3 times, spray once every 10-15 days, the effect of controlling the tip to promote flowering is better.
Fourth, the insects attracted fly, which is beneficial for pollination. If there are fewer bees and flies during the flowering period, on the one hand, according to the actual situation, use pesticides as little as possible to prevent diseases and insect pests; on the other hand, put waste fish, chicken manure and other materials in points in the orchard to attract bees and flies to pollinate and properly handle The contradiction between pesticides and bee and fly pollination improves fruit set rate.
Fifth, increasing fertilizer application is an important measure to increase the yield of mangoes in off-season. The output value generated by increasing fertilizer application will greatly exceed its cost. Too many fertilizations will increase the cost. If funding is difficult, apply fertilizer at least twice a year in the soil, that is, fertilization after fruit picking and flower fertilization.
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