Timely tillage
From the seedling stage, balsam pears are timely cultivated, weeded and cultivated to prevent the soil from congealing. Generally, after planting and pouring slow seedling water, the first plowing is carried out when the top soil is slightly dry and not sticky.
The second mid-tillage can be carried out 10 to 15 days after the first mid-tillage. In this mid-tillage, attention should be paid to protecting new roots, which should be shallow and not deep. Each farming can be combined with the application of some high-quality farm manure: such as cake fertilizer, various types of poultry feathers and rotten chicken manure, pig manure, etc. After the scaffolding, when the vines extend more than 50 centimeters, the root system is basically covered in the entire row, so it is not suitable for plowing.
Remove weeds in time to improve field ventilation and light transmission conditions and reduce pest damage. During the first mid-cultivation, if the lack of seedlings or weak diseased seedlings are found, they should be replanted in time. At the same time, remove the old, yellow, diseased leaves in the lower part of the shed, and the melon-free branches hanging from the lower part, and then bagged and transported for destruction.
Try to promote flowers
Regularly spray a small amount of "flowering essence", "promoting fruit", "amino acid", calcium nitrate and other agents.
Fertilizer and water management
In addition to applying the base fertilizer, bitter gourds are usually re-applied with top dressing when they are vines, flowers, and fruits. The first top dressing is 7 days after planting, 10% concentration of decomposed human feces or 0.5% compound fertilizer water can be applied, and then every 5 to 7 days, the concentration gradually increases, until the flowering results, people The concentration of feces and urine can be increased to 30%.
During flowering and fruiting period, 2 to 3 times of heavy fertilizer should be chased to prolong its harvest period. Generally at the time of initial flowering, 25-30 kg of cake fertilizer, 15-20 kg of compound fertilizer, and 10 kg of urea are used in combination with topping. After the first harvest, continue to use 20-25 kg of cake fertilizer and 20 kg of compound fertilizer. Apply one more time, and after every 1-2 harvests, 30% ~ 40% of human feces or 10 ~ 15 kg of compound fertilizer should be applied.
Controlling pests and diseases
Momordica charantia often suffers from nematode, powdery mildew, blight, anthracnose and so on. Insect pests are mainly melon fruit flies and aphids.
Powdery mildew: The leaves are covered with white powder, causing premature plant senescence.
Control method: When white powder appears on the leaves, the leaf surface should be sprayed once every 7 to 10 days with a solution of cycloconazole aqueous solution, powder rusting aqueous solution, trichosanthes, or sulfur suspending agent aqueous solution for 2 to 3 consecutive sprays The amount of potion must be large.
Epidemic disease: dark green on the leaves, water-stained, then brown. The lesions can extend to the whole or half of the leaves. When wet, a circle of white mold grows at the junction of the lesions.
Control agents: chlorothalonil, chlorhexidine, boldoll solution, Nongling, Anke, cemenoline, diethylaluminum, antitoxin alum, or jindodomir. The diseased leaves are removed and destroyed.
Stem Borer: Spray with triazophos, insecticidal single, insecticidal double, Ruijinte, etc.
Aphids: Imidacloprid, acetamiprid, and avermectin.
Melon fruit fly: The larvae infest the young melon, deform the young melon, and change color in advance, then rot and deteriorate, and also emit a foul smell.
Prevention and control method: In the young melon stage, spray the young melon with Ruijinte aqueous solution, or Nongdele aqueous solution, or Kungfu aqueous solution 2 to 3 times, once every 4 to 5 days, and remove the deformed fruit in time, burn or deepen outside the garden Buried.
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