Cabbage is also called cabbage, lotus white, kohlrabi and so on. Open field cabbage cultivation is usually divided into three crops: spring cabbage, summer and autumn cabbage, and winter cabbage. In recent years, more and more vegetable farmers have begun to cultivate cabbage off-season through protected fields. The cabbage planted in this way has fewer pests and good quality. It can be sold in the winter and spring vegetable market in the off-season, and vegetable farmers can obtain higher benefits. There are mainly plastic sheds (small arch sheds, middle sheds, large sheds) and solar greenhouses used for the cultivation of protected cabbage. The varieties of cabbage suitable for different planting modes are different. I will give you a specific introduction today.
1. Plastic shed cultivation
Plastic shed cabbage cultivation areas are mainly located in Handan, Hebei, Jinan, Shandong, Luoyang, Henan, Xi'an, Shanxi, Yuncheng, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, Dalian, Liaoning, Tianjin and other places. According to the climate conditions and types of facilities in different regions, cropping arrangements can be divided into late autumn (harvest from November to December) and early spring (harvest from February to March). The plastic shed has limited thermal insulation effect, so it cannot be cultivated in winter.
Variety requirements
Cabbage varieties used for plastic shed cultivation have the following requirements:
Strong winter nature (that is, seedlings grow to a certain size, and immature bolting is not easy to occur after a certain period of low temperature); short growth period (45-50 days from planting to harvest); fast growth under low temperature conditions; good balling ability; Good yield. This not only prevents losses caused by bolting, but also obtains higher yields and better profits in the off-season vegetable market supply.
It is recommended to select classic fine varieties such as Zhonggan 11, Zhonggan 15 and Zhonggan 8398, as well as fine and early-maturing varieties such as Zhonggan 56 and Zhonggan 26 newly bred in recent years. These varieties have strong bolting resistance and high yield. In addition to being good, it also has the advantages of green ball color, loose head, crisp taste, and good commercial properties, which are generally favored by vegetable farmers, vegetable dealers and consumers.
In addition, Zhonggan 26 has good comprehensive resistance and can adapt to open field conditions, so it can be used as a protected area and open field variety, especially suitable for early spring stubble when the shed film is completely uncovered in the early stage.
2. Sunlight greenhouse cultivation
In some areas in Tangshan, Hebei, Weifang, Shandong, and Inner Mongolia and Liaoning, cabbage is often cultivated in late autumn or early winter. The cabbage is harvested from December to January of the following year. The temperature in the growth period of cabbage is low. Therefore, it is necessary to use a solar greenhouse with good heat preservation effect. Rotation of solanaceous fruits to increase income. Taking Hebei Laoting as an example, currently two high-efficiency cultivation modes are mainly used:
One is the cabbage-pepper model. Cabbage is sown in September and will be marketed from New Year’s Day to the Spring Festival; the other is the cabbage-cabbage-pepper model. The first cabbage is sown in early August and harvested from mid-late November to early December. The stubble cabbage is sown in late October, harvested in early March of the following year, and interplanting peppers will continue.
In addition, various regions can also choose reasonable and efficient annual rotation and intercropping cultivation modes according to local climate conditions and greenhouse performance to improve land utilization and output value, such as Hebei solar greenhouse cabbage-cucumber-pepper, Inner Mongolia solar greenhouse pepper-kidney bean-cabbage , Shandong solar greenhouse autumn and winter bean-brass intercropping chrysanthemum and other cultivation models.
Cabbage varieties used for solar greenhouse cultivation should also have the advantages of strong winter, good yield, bright green ball color, etc. In addition, the varieties are particularly required to be resistant to low temperature and weak light, and have a short growth period to facilitate early harvest so as not to affect the next crop. It is recommended to select excellent early-maturing varieties such as Zhonggan 8398, Zhonggan 56, and Zhonggan 26. These varieties can fully adapt to the low-temperature and low-light conditions of solar greenhouse cultivation, grow rapidly, and head quickly, which provides a guarantee for increasing the income of vegetable farmers.
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