Pecan construction and management requirements. People who have planted pecans know that Hickory trees grow slowly during the early years of their lives, and they have obvious annual phenomena. Therefore, it is very important to have a high yield and high yield of Hickory and master scientific management techniques. .
1 The ecological characteristics of hickory
a. It is required that the soil is rich and fertile, and that it is a warm and humid climate. It is a semi-positive plant, and its adaptation to soil p H values ​​is between 5.5 and 7.0.
b. The propagation of hickory trees is mainly for planting seedlings. Transplanting and planting are generally carried out after the autumn leaves fall and before the spring of next spring.
c. Hickory trees grow slowly in their young years. To promote the early results of young trees, the stem branches may be appropriately shortened.
2 Pecan Construction Requirements
a. Deep fertile, well-drained, sunny leeward, limestone can be planted, to avoid the selection of low-lying land, water, soil over heavy planting.
b. Hickory is divided into autumn and spring planting. In general, the autumn planting rate is higher than the spring planting rate. When planting and planting, 40-50 strains per 667m2 are planted, and planting methods of 4.5m3.5m or 4.0m3.3m are used. .
c, hickory varieties requirements: pure varieties, the main root and lateral root integrity, no pests, strong resistance, it is best to choose 2-3 years old seedlings.
d. When the roots are planted, the roots are trimmed first, and the roots of the broken roots and roots that are too long are eliminated. When the plants are planted, the roots are stratified and pressed firmly, then the root water is soaked with 0.4% urea+0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Mixed fertilizer solution is better for the rooting water. Immediately after irrigating, apply water once.
3 Hickory High-yield Cultivation Management Technology
3.1 Soil Management
a. For juvenile pecan gardens, it is advisable to use dwarf crops (eg, pumpkins and sunflowers) for intercropping vegetables and beans so that intercropping can achieve economic benefits, but also inhibit weeds and ripen the soil. The rapid growth of tree trees.
b. Covering pecan garden with corn and other crop stalks can not only suppress weeds and reduce the cost of artificial weeding, but also increase soil organic matter content and improve soil.
c. Newly-built young pecan gardens should be deep-turned once a year or at an interval of 1 year. It should be 40-50cm wide along the outer edge of the canopy, and the depth should be 60-70cm. It is then buried in straw, green manure, etc. for covering. To ripen the soil and enhance soil permeability.
d. Adult gardens can be deep-turned in combination with fertilization and buried in organic fertilizers, weeds, and crop stalks.
3.2 Pruning
3.2.1 Shaping
a. When the sapling grows to 80cm, it will be picked in time. After germination, 2-4 buds with different directions will be selected as the main branch culture, and all other buds near the main branch culture bud will be wiped off.
b. When the main branch grows to 40 cm, pick up the heart. After branching, select one head bud to extend the growth of the branch. Select one bud for lateral branch culture.
c. When the lateral branch grows to 30cm, pick up the heart and extend it to 45-50cm.
d, using the method of piling with a rope pull, so that the main branch of the distribution direction.
e. The main task of 3-4 years old management is to do a good job of water and fertilizer management, and promote the formation of an advantageous tree shape as soon as possible.
3.2.2 Trimming
a. On the basis of the previous year, cultivate one more lateral branch so that each main branch has two lateral branches and one extension branch. The first lateral branch is 40-45 cm away from the main trunk, and the second lateral branch is 50-55 cm away from the first lateral branch. The method is carried out by topping and pulling the branches.
b. In the lateral branch, extension branch and the main branch on both sides of the results of the branch groups, the use of topping, twisting and other trimming methods, so that the different size of the results of the branch is full of tree space.
c. Results The principles for the configuration of branches and branches: large inside and outside, small inside, dense outside, size interlaced, dense but not crowded, sparse but not empty.
3.3 Fertilization Management
a, re-apply organic fertilizer, rational use of chemical fertilizers, with trace elements in mineral fertilizers, and apply biological bacterial fertilizer.
b. Chemical fertilizers should be applied in accordance with the principles of reducing nitrogen, stabilizing phosphorus, and increasing potassium. At the same time, foliar fertilizers can be sprayed at the same time.
c. For saplings less than 5 years old, organic fertilizer is applied at about 10-20 kg, and 500-2000 g of fertilizer is applied at a ratio of 5:1:1 with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
d, 6-10 fruiting walnut trees, each producing 100kg fruit to be applied 100-150kg organic fertilizer, nitrogen application of pure 1.7kg, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio of 5:2:1.
e. The amount of N. sacchari fertilizing fertilizer should be higher than that of late H. edulis, which is 1-10 years old. The annual amount of N, P and K is 5:2:2 and organic fertilizer is 250kg.
f, adult trees should be appropriately increased the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio adjusted to 2:1:1, in order to improve fruit quality.
4 Pest control
4.1 Disease Prevention and Control
Common rot, branch blight, powdery mildew, brown spot and black spot disease.
4.1.1 Rot Disease
After scraping the lesions under the subcortical layer, they were smeared with 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 50, or 50% eutectic wettable powder 50 times, and then coated with Bordore to protect the wound.
4.1.2 Blight
Use 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 800-1000 times, or 400-500 times mancozeb wettable powder spray control, spraying once every 10 days, continuous spraying 3-4 times can.
4.1.3 Powdery mildew
In the early stage of the disease, 3000 mg of triadimefon can be sprayed.
4.1.4 Brown spot
Before and after flowering and in mid-June, spray 1:2:200 times Bordeaux mixture, or 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 500-800 times.
4.1.5 Black spot
Spray 3-5 Baume Degree Lithosulfide before germination; May to June spray 1:2:200 Bordeaux mixture, or 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 500-800 times, before flowering, female flowers of Hickory walnut Spray once after the young fruit period.
4.2 Pest Control
The main insect pests are small giardia, ulurus, beetles, moths, and walnuts.
4.2.1 Walnut small giard
During the adult stage, spray 25% carbaryl wettable powder 500 times, or 2.5% deltamethrin emulsion 4000 times.
4.2.2 Wooden Picks
The tree sprayed with 25% wettablecyvanite 300-500 times liquid for prevention and treatment.
4.2.3 Walnut Fruit Weevil
Spray 2.5% deltamethrin EC 2000-3000 times solution.
4.2.4 Moths
a, larvae timely spraying 50% of the killing pine loose EC, 10% Uranus EC 5000 times, 2.5% rotenone 300-400 times liquid and other prevention.
b. During the period of moth moth, adult insects are trapped and trapped.
4.2.5 Walnut Leafhopper
a. During the wintering period of the eggs, clear the dead branches, leaves, and weeds in the walnut garden, and then take them out of the park and bury them deeply.
b. When a large area of ​​walnut leaves is produced, 5% cypermethrin EC may be sprayed with 3000 times, and 2.5% Kungfu EC may be used for prevention and treatment.
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