Corn is an annual high-yield crop of the gramineous family. Silage corn (also known as fodder corn) does not refer to corn varieties, but because of its purpose, silage corn is a kind of fresh corn that is stored in a silage cellar and fermented into feed or industrial raw materials. Silage corn is a general term for a type of corn in view of agricultural production habits. Silage corn is different from ordinary seed corn. The main differences are: 1. The silage corn plant is tall, ranging from 2.5 to 3.5m, up to 4m. It mainly produces fresh straw, while the seed corn mainly produces corn seeds. 2. The harvest period is different: the best harvest period for silage corn is from the end of milk ripening to the early stage of wax ripening. At this time, the yield is the highest and the nutritional value is also the best, and the harvest period of seed corn must be after the mature period . 3. Silage corn is mainly used for feed, and seed corn is also an important food and industrial raw material in addition to feed.
1. Harvest period:
The optimum harvesting period of silage corn is from the late milk ripening stage to the wax ripening stage of the corn seeds, at which time the best value of yield and nutritional value can be obtained. The first and second accumulating temperate zones in Heilongjiang Province can be harvested in mid-August, while the third and fourth accumulating temperate zones can be harvested from late August to early September. Choose sunny and good weather when harvesting, avoid harvesting in rainy season, so as not to affect the quality of silage due to excessive rain. Once the silage corn is harvested, the silage should be completed within a short period of time, and the time should not be delayed too long to avoid losses due to rainfall or self-fermentation.
2. Harvest method:
Large areas of corn silage are harvested by machinery. There are single ridge harvesting machines, and there are also machines that harvest 6 ridges at the same time. After harvesting, it will be cut short and loaded into the trailer, and the trailer will be loaded and transported back to the silage silo for filling. A small area of ​​silage field can be harvested manually, and the whole corn stalks are transported back to the vicinity of the silage cellar and then cut short and filled into the cellar.
When harvesting, the silage corn stalks must be kept with a certain moisture content. Under normal circumstances, the moisture content of the silage corn stalks is required to be 65 to 75%. Dry, dry for 1 to 2 days, then cut short, fill in the cellar. Too low water content is not conducive to compacting the silage material in the cellar and is likely to cause mildew of the silage material. Therefore, it is very important to choose a suitable harvesting period.
3. Filling, suppression, and sealing:
The chopped silage shall be filled layer by layer in the silage cellar, and then compacted with the filling until the cellar is filled. After filling, it should be sealed with plastic film, and then covered with 30cm of fine soil. In order to prevent freezing, a layer of dry corn stalks, rice straws or wheat straws can also be covered on the soil to prevent freezing, which is beneficial to reclaiming materials in winter. The silage corn material produced in this way can be fermented for about 20 days, and then can be fed after 20 days of maturation. The silage at this time has a fragrant smell, good palatability, and high digestibility. It is an excellent feed for cattle, sheep, and deer.
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