For farmers who grow tomatoes in greenhouses in the first year, pipe sheds are not an easy task. Although they had consulted the experienced vegetable growers in advance about the management process, many problems still appeared in the actual operation. In response to these problems, the following suggestions are made:
The combination of base fertilizer is the premise of nourishing soil
First of all, the amount of decomposed farmyard manure should be sufficient. It is understood that the excessive use of farmyard manure is only an isolated phenomenon. Most shanty households generally use insufficient amount of farmyard manure. One mu of vegetables consumes about 2,000 kilograms of organic matter. Therefore, only enough organic matter can be used to make up for the consumed organic matter. It is generally recommended that the amount of farmyard manure per acre should reach about 4000 kg. You can choose high-quality livestock manure, rice husk manure, high-quality straw, etc., of course, you can also use high-quality commercial organic fertilizers.
Secondly, add appropriate amount of chemical fertilizer and organic nutrient fertilizer. In order to ensure that the base fertilizer can adequately supply the nutrients for the growth of tomatoes throughout the growth period, the base fertilizer often adopts the method of mixing mature farm manure with chemical fertilizers.
Usually 80% of the required phosphate fertilizer, 20%-50% of the potassium fertilizer, 30%-50% of the nitrogen fertilizer, and 60% of the calcium fertilizer are mixed and applied in the farm manure. The amount of chemical fertilizers should be adjusted according to the quality and quantity of farmyard manure used. Generally, about 40 kilograms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer and 25 kilograms of calcium fertilizer are applied per acre. The base fertilizer is mixed with organic nutrients. On the one hand, it can be better Improve the soil, increase the absorption and utilization of nutrients, and provide nutrition and energy for beneficial bacteria; on the other hand, it can play a role in inhibiting bacteria, preventing root diseases and replanting damage.
Again, use medium and trace elements. Under normal circumstances, the medium and trace elements that need to be applied in the base fertilizer are calcium fertilizer, boron fertilizer and iron and zinc fertilizer. What needs to be reminded is that the new shed must be balanced when fertilizing, and must not only pay attention to the application of organic fertilizer and macro elements, without considering the presence of medium and trace elements.
In addition, the method of application will vary. First of all, base fertilizer must be applied deeply. Generally, the turning depth of the rotary tiller is more than 35 cm, otherwise too shallow application of the base fertilizer will cause the enrichment of nutrients on the surface, and the tomato root system is fertile. After planting, the root system will expand with the fertilizer, and a large number of root systems will be concentrated in The soil is about 20 cm, which not only affects the growth of tomatoes, but also reduces the resistance of the plants, and it is also vulnerable to low temperature damage in winter. Therefore, topdressing foliar fertilizer must be root-drenched or drip-irrigated to promote the rooting of the roots and strengthen the roots.
Improper cultivation can cause serious death to trees, soil management should be strengthened to improve rhizosphere environment
In actual production, it was found that there were more dead tomatoes in some areas. After understanding the situation in detail, it was found that it was mainly caused by improper management. Some vegetable farmers use flat-border cultivation when tomatoes are planted, and use flood irrigation, resulting in poor air permeability of the roots. After watering, it coincides with continuous cloudy days, which causes retting of the roots, and soil-borne pathogens take the opportunity to infect and cause root rot. In addition, some tomato plants were found to have stem rot, causing dead trees.
Root rot prevention and control: It is most important to prevent root rot in advance. When planting, it is the simplest, easy and effective method to dip the dish or irrigate the roots during planting, and apply the agent to the holes at the same time.
Two formulas are now available for everyone to choose from: one is 1 pack of Amishida or 1 pack of Ami Miaoshu for 1 sprayer water, dipped in 500-800 seedlings. After spraying the cavity with the above medicament, it can be planted. Second, 35 grams of Jinlei mixed with 1 sprayer water and 10 grams of Shileshi, dipped in seedling trays and acupuncture points. Of course, if root rot occurs at the adult stage, leaf spray will not work. It is recommended to use the above agents to irrigate the roots.
Stem base rot prevention: Before seedlings are planted, 2 kg of 50% thiram wettable powder can be used per acre, and fine soil is evenly spread on the ground for soil disinfection. When planting, use 95% hymexazol 5000 times solution to dip the roots to prevent pathogen infection. After the onset of disease, 20% tolclofos-methyl or 30% thiocyanate 1200 times liquid can be used for spray control. For plants with severe disease, vegetable farmers can also use 78% Kebo wettable powder 200 times liquid to smear the diseased part for key control .
It should be noted that when the root rot is infected, the root system will be severely damaged. Because the stems of tomatoes also have a strong rooting ability, vegetable farmers can thin out 1-2 leaves from the lower part of the tomato plant to make the stem 5-8 longer. Flatten the soil by centimeters to promote adventitious roots and promote plant growth.
Control of bacterial wilt:
There are three main points to identify tomato bacterial wilt: one is that the vessel turns brown; the other is that a large number of adventitious roots appear in the middle and lower part of the stem; the third is that the leaves do not fall off.
(1) Bacteria have the ability to penetrate the epidermal tissue of the plant, invade from the wound of the plant, and then multiply and damage. Therefore, reducing wounds is the main measure to prevent bacterial diseases. One is to use nutrient block seedlings or nutrient cup seedlings in the seedling process, and try to avoid wounds caused by root damage during planting. The second is to pay attention to pest control. Greenhouse tomatoes eliminate the damage of Liriomyza sativae, aphids, and whiteflies as early as possible to avoid wounds on the leaves.
(2) Irrigate the roots in time after planting. For bacterial diseases, pre-prevention is the most effective method. You can use the 600-fold solution of copper ammonia and add 68% metalaxyl·mancozeb water dispersible granules after the slow seedling. Irrigate roots with 600 times solution, once every 5-7 days, irrigate roots 2-3 times continuously.
(3) Strengthen management: First, scientifically fertilize to improve plant immunity, and use spray drip irrigation system; second, spray foliar fertilizer to change leaf pH and reduce the occurrence of virus diseases. The third is to maintain a suitable temperature. According to the weather conditions, adjust the size of the air outlet and the opening time in a timely manner to keep the temperature of the greenhouse at 25℃-30℃ during the day and 15℃ at night. The fourth is accurate diagnosis. It is necessary to accurately distinguish the symptoms of wilting and lack of water caused by bacterial diseases. Do not mistake bacterial diseases for water shortage symptoms. Every time you water, ****** Do not flood with flooding, which can easily spread the disease and aggravate it. Disease occurs.
(4) Bacterial diseases can also be tried with norfloxacin and Bailiting (the Bailiting, which is a special treatment for swine hepatitis and dysentery), and the control effect is good. Norfloxacin is generally diluted 600 times with a concentration of 2.5%. Pelentine is generally a liquid, and 15-20 ml of it can be mixed in a sprayer. You must pay attention to the prevention and control of bacterial diseases, because bacterial diseases are severe once they develop, so the interval between spraying times should be relatively short. Generally, spraying should be done at an interval of three days. If you need to spray 2-3 times continuously, the bacterial The disease is under control.
If the planting density is too high, double-stalk pruning must not be implemented
When the planting density is high, in order to avoid the negative situation of mutual shading between plants and branches, it is recommended not to use double-stalk pruning, but single-stalk pruning. Usually when tomatoes are planted, the row spacing is 60-72 cm, and the plant spacing is more moderate when the plant spacing is 45-50 cm. If you want to use double-stalk pruning on cherry tomatoes, the plant spacing should be about 50 cm, leaving enough space for the rhizosphere development and above-ground growth of each plant, so as to achieve neither the yield of the tomato nor the quality of the fruit. It can also save a lot of money.
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