Practice has proved that doing a good job of winter pruning of pear saplings and forming a tree structure with high yield as early as possible is an important guarantee for early high-yield and high-yield and stable production. The following key technologies should be grasped:
1. Because the tree shaping leaves the skeleton. Most varieties of pears have poor branching ability and the growth difference between individuals is large. When shaping and selecting the backbone branches, it is necessary to cultivate the tree shape according to the growth state of the plants so as to be physically visible, invisible, and give full play to the growth advantages of the plants. Early formation, early results.
2. Low-dry dwarf crown with layers. Pear dwarf cultivation tree requires low-dry, low-crown, backbone branches less times, angles, clear between layers, requiring dry height within 50 cm, the height of the crown does not exceed 3.5 meters, the angle of the backbone branches 50 to 60 degrees, sparse In addition to the upright and leggy branches between the layers, or leveling them up, they can be cultivated as ancillary culture branches and open between the layers to facilitate ventilation.
3. Lightly cut long and early results. The amount of pruning of young trees should be light, mainly based on slow release, and sparse cuts should be minimized. This leaves a lot of buds, a large total growth, rapid expansion of the crown, rapid formation, the result is early, easy to achieve early high yield.
4. Appropriate short cut extensions. Each winter cut, the main and lateral branches of the extension should be short stay buds in order to maintain the growth potential of the main and lateral branches, rapid expansion of the crown, occupy the effective space.
5. The affiliation should be clearly identified. During winter cutting, it is necessary to reasonably control the growth potential of auxiliary branches, and to reduce or eliminate the auxiliary branches that affect the growth of the branches. Through pruning, the main and lateral branches are staggered and evenly distributed. The growth potential of the main branch at the same level is balanced, and the relationship between the main branch and the subordinate branch at different levels is distinct, forming a reasonable tree structure.
6. To stay and support the early high yield. In order to achieve rapid growth of young trees, it is necessary to make full use of the space in the branches, and to maintain supplemental branches. The use of slow-release, pull-twist methods and summer shears should be used for secondary feeding branches to promote their flowering results. If there is room for competitive branches and leggy branches, they should be pulled down slowly and use the results or cultivate the resulting branches and branches.
7. Put, cut, shrink culture branches. In the sapling period, in order to ease the growth potential, the result is to use the first shirring method to cultivate the fruiting sticks; for individual weakly seeded varieties, it is also possible to use the first cut and then put the cultured sticks. In the branch configuration should be mastered less on the more, more and more in the small, large and small, small foreign large, it is best not to raise the back upright or drooping branches.
8. Control the top advantage. The pear tree canopy is prone to strong and weak, and it is necessary to control the apical dominance so that the canopy grows up and down evenly. For strong varieties, such as Jinfeng and Baba, they can be retracted and replaced, and the weaker and stronger, the following generations of methods can be used to make the center bend and extend. For weak varieties, such as early crisps and ducks, Pears, etc., can be made by bending the central stem extension and sagging to form branches in the middle and short branches, and using the branches drawn at the bend to form a new center stem.
9. Open main branch angle. The branching angle of the pear tree is small. In order to rapidly expand the canopy, ease the growth potential, and advance flowering results, the main branch and the branching angle must be opened by adopting measures such as supporting, pulling, lifting, budding outside the bud, and changing the back branches. The base angle is maintained at 55-60 degrees and the collateral angle is slightly larger than the main branch.
10. Carry out, cut, twist, and circle as appropriate. According to the growth conditions of different young trees, pruning response and result characteristics, etc., different types of shoots should be circumscribed, wounded, tipped, and circled, as appropriate, to achieve slower growth, branching, bud formation, and shaping. purpose.
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