The dragon fruit planting technology is summarized. Recently, there are many friends who consulted the dragon fruit planting technology. At the invitation of the majority of netizens, Zhengdao Fertilizer Network has compiled some articles about the dragon fruit planting technology, hoping to help the vast dragon fruit growers. First of all, let's take a look at the growth habit of dragon fruit. The dragon fruit belongs to tropical and subtropical plants. It is drought-tolerant and high-temperature resistant. It has low requirements on soil quality. It can be planted on flat land, hillside and sand land, but it is best to choose organic matter and drainage performance. Good sandy loam is suitable for planting in areas where the winter temperature is below 8 °C for a long time .
Dragon fruit planting technology: planting mode
There are many ways to plant dragon fruit, some climbing walls and some scaffolding, but the most common type of column cultivation is low production cost and high land utilization. The so-called column type is to set up a cement column or wooden column, planting 3 to 4 dragon fruit around the column, and let the dragon fruit plant grow up along the cement column.
Dragon fruit planting technology: grafting method
Pitaya has been producing meat stems and plants in the cactaceae for many years. The plant height is more than 2 meters. The illusory growth is in very soft and loose sandy soil. It is taboo and grows well at 28 °C to 38 °C.
- Cutting seedlings, spring and summer are most suitable, cuttings should choose to grow the full stem section, cut off the abandoned branches can also be used for cutting seedlings, cut the branches into 30 cm when cutting, put them in the shade and dry them into the sand bed or Directly insert under the support frame and the side of the cement column.
- The seedlings, the selection of no insects, the growth and robustness, the fullness of the stems and the "quantity" are used as rootstocks, grafting on sunny days, cutting the dragon fruit plants into 3 to 4 cm stems with a knife, waiting for the wound to dry.
- Seedling management, seedling beds should be in the place of ventilation and sun, the soil is fertile, and the irrigation and drainage water will be more convenient.
Dragon fruit planting technology: fertilization method
In the soil fertilization, the fertilizer should be applied to the root layer distribution layer of the fruit tree according to the distribution characteristics of the root system to facilitate absorption and exert the maximum effect of the fertilizer. The method of fertilization and the depth of application should be based on the topography, topography, soil texture, fertilizer type, and especially the distribution of roots. The fertilizer should be applied to the soil layer with the most root distribution, and completely buried under the soil, so as not to cause sun and rain, and lose fertilizer efficiency.
- Circular fertilization is also called fertilization. It is to dig an annular groove to fertilize a little farther outside the canopy. This method has the advantages of simple operation and economical fertilizer. However, it is easy to cut the horizontal roots and the fertilization range is small, and it is generally used for fertilization of young trees.
- The semi-annular fertilization method is similar to the ring-type fertilization, and the ring is interrupted to 3-4 pig trough fertilization ditch. Therefore, it is also called pig trough fertilization. This method has fewer roots than the annular fertilization, and the fertilization site can be expanded by replacing the fertilization position. Both flat land and slope land can be applied, which is a common method for fertilizing hills orchards. The fertilization trench on the slope should be dug above and to the sides of the tree.
- Radial fertilization under the canopy begins about 1 meter from the main trunk, with the trunk as the center, and 4 to 6 trenches are radially excavated outward. The ditch is generally 30 cm deep and the fertilizer is applied. This method generally has fewer roots than the annular fertilization, but it also avoids large roots when digging. The position of the radiation ditch can be changed every other year or every other time to enlarge the fertilization surface and promote root absorption.
- The whole garden fertilizes adult fruit trees or densely planted orchards, and this method is often used when the root system has been covered in the whole garden. Spread the fertilizer evenly in the garden, and then plow the soil into the soil about 20 cm deep. The advantage is that the whole garden has a large fertilization area, and the root system can uniformly absorb the nutrients. However, due to the shallow application, the root system is often turned upside down, and the root resistance is reduced. If this method is replaced with the radiation ditch every other year, it can complement each other and exert the maximum effect of fertilizer.
- Irrigation fertilization is the combination of fertilization and irrigation. In recent years, with the gradual promotion of drip irrigation technology in China, the law has also been gradually applied. Irrigating fertilization combined with sprinkler irrigation or drip irrigation, due to timely fertilizer supply and uniform fertilizer distribution, it not only damages the root system, but also protects the soil structure of the tillage layer, saves labor and has high fertilizer utilization rate. It can increase production and quality, reduce costs and increase economic efficiency.
- Top dressing is also called foliar application. The advantage of this fertilization method is that it absorbs quickly, has obvious effects, saves fertilizer, and is not affected by the nutrient distribution center. It can meet the urgent needs of fruit trees in time, and can avoid the chemical or biological fixation of some elements in the soil. The top dressing can especially supplement the trace element fertilizer. However, top dressing can only be a beneficial supplement to soil fertilization and cannot replace soil fertilization.
All of the above fertilization methods have their own characteristics. They should be rotated and used in combination with actual conditions, and the complementarity is insufficient to exert the maximum effect of fertilization and avoid a single method. Pitaya is a special emerging fruit tree whose root system is different from other fruit trees. It has no main roots and its roots are very shallow. It is basically distributed in the superficial soil and has strong aerial roots. Therefore, special care should be taken during fertilization not to damage the root system.
Pitaya planting technology: pest control
If the orchard has been planted with pine, the termites may be more serious. Termites will directly cut off the stems of the dragon fruit plant or eat roots, causing the injured tissue to yellow and fester. Termite control can be eliminated using drugs at the roots.
Underground pests include snails, crickets, ants, etc., which feed on the twigs of plants. Ducks can be stocked in the orchard to eat pests, or they can be smashed on the ground or tree heads or poisoned with baits.
Aphids and chafers occur during flowering or fruiting. It can be biologically controlled by flies, or scrubbed with soapy water; at the peak of the breeding of the chafer, tea bran can be used to drove the larvae out of the surface and let the ducks eat.
If there are red and yellow spiders, scale insects, caterpillars, Spodoptera litura, fruit flies, corn borer, etc., when flower buds and new shoots are 3 cm, use 90% trichlorfon, or 80% dichlorvos plus 40%. Oxidized dimethoate 1000 times each spray, even spray 2 to 3 times, 7 to 10 days apart.
When the fruit ripening fruit turns red, the fruit fly will lay eggs in the mature fruit epidermis, and the hatching larvae will feed on the flesh, resulting in cracked fruit and rotten fruit. Control method: loosen the garden soil in winter or early spring to reduce the number of insect population;
In the prosperous period, the canopy was sprayed with pyrethroid pesticide 2000 times solution, or 90% trichlorfon 800 times solution and 3% to 5% brown sugar at night, and sprayed 3 times, 7 days apart;
It is also possible to hang a small piece of paper soaked with 97% methyl eugenol and 3% dibromophosphorus solution (according to 95:5 ratio) to hang on the tree to trap the adult, 50 pieces per square meter, and hang 2 per month. Times. Bagging is carried out in the middle of fruit development to prevent adult eggs from laying eggs.
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