Laying hens are reared to 72-78 weeks of age for meat use. Different breeds have different weight standards when they are phased out. For example, the average weight of a bird to be avialized is 1.8kg, and the average weight of a Hyacinth chicken is 2.25kg. The weight at the time of elimination not only affects the value of chickens that are eliminated, but also indirectly reflects the production performance during the production period. The prevalence of knockout hens in production is too small (10% to 15% smaller than the standard weight) and serious hair loss, which directly affects the efficiency of the chicken farm. We will analyze the reasons for the underweight of culled hens and propose solutions.
Cause Analysis
Poor quality of new hens
The broiler chicks purchased are of weak quality and serious pollution, which results in slow growth and development during the brooding and breeding period; poor management of brooding and breeding period, such as poor food, unsuitable temperature and humidity, over-breaking, insufficient drinking water, crowded chickens, etc. Severely affect the development of flock; poor feeding during brooding and breeding period, low nutrient concentration of feed, unbalanced nutrition, poor quality, insufficient feeding, resulting in poor flock development, small bones, and light weight; poor sanitation in brooding rearing period, disinfection Not standardized, the establishment and operation of the epidemic prevention program is unscientific, and there are many stress factors that cause flock diseases to occur frequently, growth and development are severely hampered, weight is small, and evenness is low. The bred hens have small bones, light weight, and different sizes. It is difficult to achieve the standard body weight requirements when culled.
Less weight gain in the early stage of laying
The weight of the pre-laying period (20-32 weeks old) still has a large increase. At this stage, as the laying rate increases, the body weight should increase simultaneously. For example, the requirements for body weight increase of eggshells of Isablan shell are: 1360g when the egg production rate is 10%; the body weight is 1450g when the egg production rate is 40%; the weight is 1500g when the egg production rate is 70%; the egg production rate is 90% At the time, the weight is 1560g. If the weight gain is too small, it will not only affect the egg production performance during the laying period, but also have a larger weight gain in the future so that the body weight to meet the standard must consume more feed, and seriously reduce the feed conversion rate during the production period. The reasons that affect weight gain are: (1) poor feed quality. On the one hand, the designed formula has a low nutrient concentration and cannot meet the chicken body requirements. On the other hand, high-quality raw materials such as soybean meal and fishmeal are in short supply on the market, and feed prices are high. In order to compete for market, feed manufacturers reduce feed prices, and choose a lot of inferior raw materials such as potpourri, dregs, and keratin protein powder to formulate diets. The quality of the protein is poor and harmful. Many substances, low digestion and absorption rate. (2) It is too late to replace the egg hens. The nutrient levels of the bred material and the pre-produced material are lower than those of the layered hen material. If the material of the broiler is changed too late, the accumulation of nutrients is affected, although the egg production rate will not be affected temporarily, but the weight gain will be affected. (3) Eat less. Generally, light is increased from 19 to 20 weeks of age. With the stimulation of light, the egg production rate rises rapidly. It is necessary to increase the amount of feed 1 to 2 weeks in advance to ensure the synchronization of light effects and nutrition during the production period. If the increase in light does not increase the material, it will affect the increase in body weight; the open period is hot in summer, the measures to prevent heatstroke and cooling are weak, the temperature in the house is too high, the feed intake of the flock is small; the feeding method is improper, such as the tank memory material is too much, If the time is too long and it is bad or smells, the chickens have poor appetite and affect the eating. (4) Disease. Diseases such as Marek’s disease, Newcastle disease, infectious cysts, bird flu, fowlpox, infectious laryngotracheitis and other chronic diseases can affect weight gain.
Poor feeding during the laying period
High-yielding matching chickens have high yield potential, require high nutrition, and require large amounts of food. They must provide comprehensive, balanced, and adequate diets for them. If the supply of nutrients is insufficient, production performance and weight maintenance will be affected. The lack of nutrient supply during the laying period is an important reason for the low weight and feather shedding of the culling hens. The lack of nutrient supply is the feed issue. In recent years, feed ingredients have continued to increase in price, especially for high quality raw materials such as soybean meal and fishmeal, and prices have continued to climb. Feeders of self-made ingredients have decreased due to high prices of ingredients, and most of them have used concentrates produced by feed manufacturers. In order to expand the market, increase the sales volume, reduce the cost of ingredients, feed manufacturers continue to reduce the nutritional level of the diet, use chowder and some non-conventional feed ingredients. As a result, the nutrient concentration of the feed is low, and the efficiency of digestion and absorption is poor, resulting in a low egg production rate. Small and light weight. The second is raising problems. The profitability of the laying hens industry is low. In order to reduce the cost of feeding, the breeding households neither understand the nutritional content of the diet, nor do they know the nutritional requirements of the chickens and the amount of nutrients they feed, and blindly restrict feeding. As a result, the long-term supply of nutrients is insufficient. Excessive consumption of nutrients in the body, weight loss, premature loss of feathers.
solution
Nurturing new hens that meet the requirements
The well-formed new hens have well-developed bones, achieve weight standards, and are moderately fat and thin. They provide good feeding and management during the laying period, and their production performance can be fully realized. If the skeletal development is poor and the body size is small, not only the performance of laying eggs but also the body weight will be affected. Small skeletal flocks are unlikely to have a large body weight even if they are given good husbandry and management. Therefore, we must strengthen feeding and management during the brooding and breeding period, choose healthy, large and well-proportioned and clean newborn chicks, maintain suitable breeding density, feed water space and suitable stable temperature and humidity, and ensure adequate, balanced and comprehensive nutrition supply. Good health management and disease prevention ensure that the chickens grow normally and healthy. Special attention should be paid to the nutrient supply in the early brooding period, and diets with higher levels of nutrition, such as broiler pre-feeds or young chick granules, can be used to ensure early bone and body weight development.
Strengthen the feeding and management during the laying period
In 17 to 18 weeks of age, it is necessary to replace the laying hens in a timely manner. During the rising period of the laying, the feeding amount should be increased along with the increase of the laying rate and the light. Before 45 weeks of age, no feeding restriction should be provided, and sufficient feeding should be performed. After 45 weeks of age, exploratory feeding techniques can be used to properly limit rearing; the position of the troughs for feeding troughs during the laying period should be sufficient, and the troughs should be conditioned after feeding for 1 to 2 hours. Different feeds can be changed during different egg production periods, but the nutrient level of the feed must meet the nutritional needs of the laying hens. High-quality feed ingredients should be selected to ensure that the feed nutrition is comprehensive, balanced, and adequate. Use of chowder and unconventional feeds is minimized. raw material. For example, using chowder instead of soybean meal, the nutrient difference of chowder and soybean meal, the utilization efficiency of amino acids, and toxic and toxic substances of chowder should be taken into consideration. To deal with deterrence, remove or reduce the content of harmful toxic substances; determine the appropriate amount of use and the proportion of various kinds of miscellaneous potash; design formulas based on available amino acids, add appropriate amounts of synthetic amino acids and increase Vitamins, trace amounts The amount of added elements makes the nutrition more able to meet the needs; the use of enzyme preparations to improve the digestive efficiency of miscellaneous pots.
Fertilizer timely
After a long laying cycle, high-laying hens produce eggs with weights ranging from 18 to 20 kg. They consume large amounts of nutrients, lack nutrients in the body, and are generally leaner and lighter in weight. This situation will be more serious. In order to supplement the body's nutrition and ensure proper weight, it is necessary to fatten the fertilizer. The fattening method is: stop food restriction 5 to 7 weeks before the elimination, eat freely, add 5% to 6% corn or 2% to 3% fat in the feed to increase the metabolic energy level of the diet, and properly supplement vitamins and trace elements. Additives such as choline chloride and other additives not only do not affect the production of eggs, but also allow the chicken populations to recover as quickly as possible and have a suitable weight when they are eliminated.
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