Cucumber is one of the favorite vegetables. It can be eaten raw or used for cooking. It has a fragrant taste and is very refreshing. Recently, it is the best time for the cultivation of autumn cucumbers. How to use the greenhouse to cultivate cucumbers?
1 shed structure
The span of the greenhouse is preferably 6-8 meters. The shed film is buckled in the first half of November. The shed has a 1.5-meter small arch shed and covers a 3-meter wide shed film. The shed is covered with a thick layer of grass and an old layer. The shed film greatly enhances the thermal insulation performance, and the cucumber can be planted in the shed after the nursery.
2 nutrient soil preparation
Take 60% of the fertile soil that has not been planted with Cucurbitaceae crops, and 40% of the decomposed organic fertilizer. Add 5 kg of decomposed and fine chicken manure per cubic meter, 3 kg of superphosphate, 2 kg of urea, 1 to 1.5 kg of potassium sulfate, and 50 g of carbendazim in each cubic soil. .
3 sowing
3.1 Selection: Select varieties with strong disease resistance, strong resistance, good commercial traits and high yield.
3.2 Seed treatment: soak the seeds with warm water at 55 ° C for 10 to 15 minutes and continue to stir until the water temperature drops to room temperature, then soak for 3 to 4 hours, wash repeatedly, wash with water, then dry and germination, for black spot disease, anthracnose, Viral disease and sclerotinia have a preventive effect. After soaking for 50 hours with 50% carbendazim 500 times, remove the germination and germination, and prevent blight and black spot disease. The treated seeds are wrapped in a damp cloth and germinated for 1 to 2 days at 25 to 30 ° C. When the seeds are "white tip", they are germinated for 1 to 2 days at 0 to 20 ° C.
3.3 Seeding: Seeding when most seeds are germinated. One day before sowing, the soil of the seedbed was first immersed. Before planting, sprinkle a layer of fine tidal soil on the surface of the bed, and then add a little fine sand so that it can be evenly distributed. The seeding amount per acre is between 140 and 160 grams. After the broadcast, the bed surface covered with 1 cm thick methyl thiophanate soil, and then covered with a mulch film to keep warm and moisturize.
4 seedbed management
4.1 Seedling management: After the sowing, the small arch shed film will be buckled during the day. Cover it with thick grass and old shed film at night. The highest temperature in the greenhouse during the day is 25 to 30 °C. After the emergence of the seedlings, the mulch film, the old shed film and the grass hoe, and the small arch shed film were removed at sunrise to enhance the illumination. At 4 o'clock in the afternoon, cover the small arch shed and the grass raft and the old shed film. In order to prevent the temperature after emergence, the temperature is controlled at 8 °C to 8 °C in the daytime at 20 °C, and the temperature is slightly lowered 3 to 5 days before seedling so that the leaves of the seedlings are thick, the leaves are dark green, the roots are developed, and the seedlings are slowed down after seedlings. When the seedlings grow to 2 true leaves, the seedlings are timely divided, and the seedlings are inconvenient to operate early. When the seedlings are late, the roots easily affect the survival rate of the seedlings. The seedling bed was wetted one day before the seedlings, and the next day, the seedlings were planted into the nutrient mortar, and the methyl thiophanate syrup was poured to prevent the disease at the seedling stage.
4.2 Post-emergence management: After the seedlings are seeded, in order to prevent the seedlings from wilting, the small arch sheds should be buckled during the daytime, and the small shed film will be uncovered during the daytime, and the small shed film and the grass hoe and the old shed film will be covered at night. The temperature during the day is kept at 28 °C, 10-18 °C at night, and the lowest is not lower than 8 °C. It is found that the bauxite is dry, and the water is poured in the sunny day in the morning. The seedling age is 40 to 45 days, and the three leaves can be planted.
5 colonization
5.1 Fertilization and land preparation: Before transplanting, it is necessary to carry out land preparation, fertilization, and hoeing, and remove the leaves of the former stalks, 2000-3000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer per mu, 20 kg of potassium sulfate, and 30 kg of high-quality compound fertilizer of 45%. Sprinkle it into the greenhouse to cultivate the noodles and flatten it, then pour it into the soil, pour the water once, and when the moisture is suitable, deepen the fineness and leveling, so that the fertilizer is fully mixed into the soil, and the planting groove is made according to the large row spacing of 80 cm and the small row spacing of 40 cm. Saddle-shaped scorpion, squat height 25 cm, face width 80 cm, sulcus width 40 cm, plant spacing 25 to 30 cm, 3,000 to 4,000 plants per acre.
5.2 Detachment of the shed: 10 to 15 days before planting, the shed film is buckled, and the high temperature suffocating shed after the membrane is 5 to 7 days. When the planting is done, the straw curtain is ready for use. It is good to choose a sunny day from 10 am to 2 pm. The pond is placed at a distance of 25 to 30 cm, then the seedlings are placed, and the planting water and the slow seedling water (preferably carbendazim when watering) are sealed and the mulch is covered.
6 post-plant management
6.1 Prevention of wound infection: When planting, pay attention to the soil covering the grafting interface. After the seedling height is 35 cm, remove the grafting clip (using the abutment), and apply the biocide such as methyl thiophanate at the grafting interface to prevent wound infection.
6.2 Temperature management: slow seedling period 25 ~ 30 ° C during the day, 22 ° C at night, the minimum is not lower than 18 ° C, to promote slow seedlings, promote new root growth. After slow seedling, 20 to 25 ° C during the day and 15 to 18 ° C during the night. Flowering and fruiting period, 25 to 28 ° C during the day, 12 to 22 ° C during the night, and not less than 8 ° C in the morning. The result period is 25 to 32 ° C during the day, 14 to 22 ° C during the night, and not less than 8 ° C in the morning. The air is released at 25 °C in the morning and the air outlet is closed at 25 °C in the afternoon. The temperature is preferably not more than 30 °C. Time to uncover the straw curtain: clear the curtain at 8 o'clock in the morning, cover the curtain when the temperature drops to 14-16 ° C in the afternoon; when the cloudy day is warmer, the curtain is generally uncovered at 9 o'clock in the morning, and the curtain is closed when the temperature is lowered to 12 ° C in the afternoon; In the cold weather, at 10 o'clock in the morning, the curtain was uncovered, and when the temperature dropped to 10 °C in the afternoon, the curtain was released.
6.3 Fertilizer management: On the basis of pouring the bottom water, the cucumber is poured with the planting water to pour the seedling water. Since then, there has been no watering. When the root melon grows to about 10 cm, the first water is poured. The water is poured in the early period of 7 to 10 days. The water is poured in 4 to 5 days. Water for 10 days. But watering is not only flexible, but also depends on the sky, the ground, and the seedlings. When the root melon is 10 cm, combined with watering, 15 kg of diammonium phosphate or urea is applied per acre to promote the melon. Results In the early stage, every 15 to 20 days of topdressing once, each time per mu, chasing diammonium phosphate, urea or potassium sulphate 15 kg; in the fruiting period, every 10 days of topdressing, each time per acre of urea or potassium sulphate 10 ~ 15 kg . Carbon dioxide fertilization is required during the winter season when there is little wind release. In the case of not being able to water, foliar topdressing, such as urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, brown sugar and other nutrient solutions.
6.4 Plant adjustment: When the melon grows to 6 to 7 leaves, vines are hanged in time, and the side branches, tendrils and male flower buds are removed to reduce nutrient consumption. At the same time, the lower old yellow leaves and diseased leaves are removed in time to improve ventilation and light transmission conditions. .
6.5 Pest Control: The main diseases of cucumber are cucumber downy mildew, powdery mildew, etc.; insects include aphids, whiteflies, and spotted flies. It is necessary to strengthen cultivation and fertilizer management, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and improve the disease resistance of plants. In the early stage of the occurrence of pests and diseases, chemical control measures are taken to control the pests and diseases, so as to extend the harvesting period to achieve the goal of increasing production and income.
6.5.1 Cucumber downy mildew prevention and treatment method: 72.2% Plex water 800 times solution, or 58% Redolmer wettable powder 500 times solution, or 64% anti-virus WP WP 400 times solution, each Spray once every 7 to 10 days for 2 to 3 times. Winter rainy and snowy weather To reduce the humidity of the greenhouse, 45% chlorothalonil aerosol can be used, 250 grams per mu, 4 to 5 points in the greenhouse, dark fire ignited in the closed shed for one night, or 5% chlorothalonil dust per 1000 grams of mu, closed in the morning and the wind once every 7 days.
6.5.2 Cucumber powdery mildew prevention and control method: In winter, rainy and snowy weather, in order to reduce the humidity of the greenhouse, use 45% of bacteriostatic agent 250g per acre, put a few places to ignite, seal fumigation overnight; use 20% triazole in the early stage of the disease Ketone 2000 times liquid spray control, or 2% Wuyimycin water 200 times solution, or 20% more antibiotics 200 times solution, or 12.5% ​​speed Poly WP 2000 times solution and other agents spray control. Spray once every 7 days, and prevent 2-3 times. In addition, it can also be controlled with 5% chlorothalonil dust.
6.5.3 Control method of spotted fly: It can take the combination of yellow plate trapping adult insects and chemical control, using 1.8% Aifuding EC 3000 times solution, or 20% spotting net 24 grams per acre plus water 45 kg spray control Every 7 days, even spray 3-4 times.
6.5.4 Control methods for aphids and whitefly: Take yellow plate to trap adult and chemical control, use 30% smog smoked smog agent for 420 grams per mu for smoke control, or 25% Aketai water dispersant, per acre 3 grams of water and 45 kilograms of spray control, once every 7 days for 3 to 4 times can receive better control results.
The above is the multi-layer cultivation technology of cucumber facilities. If you want to know more about planting knowledge, please pay attention to Hui Nong School!
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