Eggplant verticillium wilt is also known as wilt disease. The cause of the disease is that the pathogen is overwintering in the sick body or in the soil. The pathogen of eggplant verticillium can also be overwintered on the seed, which can be used as the initial source of infection. The pathogen can survive in the soil for about 6 to 7 years. The pathogen can be spread by applying fertilizers mixed with sick bodies, irrigation water, soil with pathogens, etc., which can be derived from the epidermis and root hair of the young roots. Direct invasion, if the root of the plant has a wound, it will also invade from the wound. Reproduce in plants and then gradually spread to the leaves, stems and fruits of the plants.
The initial onset of eggplant verticillium is characterized by the lower part or one side of the leaves, and the lateral vines are wilting at noon. It seems to be dehydrated by transpiration and restored to the original state at night, and then the wilting parts and leaves are increasing, gradually spreading the whole plant to cause the whole plant to wither. Withered. Close to the ground stems and vines, the vascular bundles are browned when the stems are cut. When the humidity is high, there is an off-white mildew on the surface of the susceptible stem.
The temperature suitable for the disease of eggplant verticillium is generally around 20 to 25 ° C. When the humidity of the air and the humidity of the soil are high, it is conducive to the development of the disease.
What is easy to be confused with is:
(1) Physiological wilting. The overall performance of the plants was wilting, the leaves were yellow, and the stems were pulled out without vascular bundle browning. The yellowing of the greenhouse and the different degrees of wilting in the greenhouse, should consider the current situation of soil salinization caused by the lack of organic fertilizer and the excessive application of chemical fertilizers in the greenhouse. It is judged that the root pressure caused by soil salinization is too small and the roots are insufficient. Physiological wilting.
(2) The leaves of the plants with wilting are not discolored, the stems of the stems are not damaged, and the whole crop leaves of the greenhouse are drooping, and slowly recover with watering and sunshine. Causes of the disease: Due to the cloudy days in the spring, the plants grow in the low light environment for a long time, and the sunshine is warm enough to cause the physiological dehydration of the plants under high temperature and strong light.
The following conditions occur in causing verticillosis:
(1) Soil is sticky.
(2) The terrain is low.
(3) Applying no-fertilized farmyard manure.
(4) Years of continuous production.
(5) Improper irrigation.
(6) Lack of fertilizer.
(7) The ground temperature is low.
How to prevent eggplant verticillium?
Eggplant verticillium is a typical soil-borne disease, and seeds often carry bacteria. Therefore, prevention and control should adhere to the selection of disease-resistant varieties and pre-sowing seed bactericidal treatment, and adopt a combination of rational cultivation and scientific medicine.
(1) Selection of suitable disease-tolerant varieties Generally, the leaves are oblong or pointed, the leaf margins are nicked, the leaf surface is more velvety, and the leaf color is thicker green or purple. The eggplant varieties are more resistant to diseases, such as black purple egg king, eggplant variety 2, etc. . In the production, reasonable selection should be made according to the adaptability, high yield and fruit quality of the cultivated sorghum and eggplant varieties.
(2) It is necessary to rotate crops other than Solanaceae, and it is best to choose onion and garlic crops as the front.
(3) Seed and seedbed soil can be dried for 1 day before seeding, then put the seeds into warm water of 55 °C, the water volume is about 5 times of the seed amount, stir constantly, and timely add hot water to maintain water temperature 15 ～20 minutes, then stop stirring when the water temperature drops to 30 °C, and continue soaking for 6-8 hours in a cool environment. It can also be soaked in 50% carbendazim WP 500 times for 1 hour, and then germinated after rinsing. When seeding, use disease-free new soil or disinfect the bed soil, and nurse the seedling soil. When disinfecting the soil in the seedbed soil, take 50% of the carbendazim WP 30g into the aqueous solution and spray it on the soil. Mix the culture soil well. After that, it is used in the seedbed and the lower cover is covered.
(4) Grafting seedlings In order to effectively prevent eggplant verticillium wilt, grafted seedlings should be used. Red algae or Torumbamu can be used as rootstocks, and the eggplants can be used as scions for grafting.
(5) Scientifically carrying out fertilizer and water management The base fertilizer should be applied with decomposed organic fertilizer and added with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to promote the robust growth of plants and enhance plant resistance. At the time of planting, the ground temperature at 10 cm should be stable above 15 °C. It should be cultivated with high mulch film, avoid cold water when planting, and pay attention to increase the ground temperature. It is necessary to bring large earthworms to transplant seedlings and try to minimize the damage. NEB can be diluted with water and then applied to the hole or watered in the ditch, which can effectively prevent and control eggplant verticillium. After planting, the small water is poured. After the eggplant is sitting on the fruit, it can be applied to the special foliar fertilizer of the solanaceous fruit for 2 to 3 times to meet the fruit growth needs. In the field, the diseased plants were found to be removed in time, and after the harvest, the diseased bodies in the field were completely removed and concentrated and destroyed.
(6) Use 0.5 kg of 50% carbendazim WP and 25 kg of fine soil per acre before use for chemical prevention and control. In the early stage of the field, 30% methyl frost and carbendazim water 2,000 times solution, or 50% carbendazim WP 500 times solution, or 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 700 times solution, or 50% can be used. Benomyl WP 1500 times liquid is irrigated, each plant is filled with 250-300 mL, once every 10 days, and continuously 2-3 times.
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