Grafting and cultivation of vegetables has the advantages of improving the ability of vegetable plants to resist soil diseases, overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of vegetables, enhancing the resistance of plants to stress (cold, drought, and high temperature), prolonging the harvesting period, increasing yield, and reducing the amount of pesticides. Therefore, vegetable grafting and cultivation has been promoted and applied throughout the country, with significant economic benefits. However, the efficiency of grafting of vegetables has been relatively low. For example, eggplants are grafted with grafting technology, and each person can graft about 500 strains per day, which results in low grafting efficiency and high grafting labor costs. Grafting with a graft-specific catheter can greatly increase the efficiency.
Grafting special catheter is colorless, transparent, non-toxic and tasteless, with a certain degree of flexibility. The inner diameter of the catheter has four sizes, 2.5 mm, 2.8 mm, 3 mm and 3.5 mm, which are suitable for grafting of seedlings of different sizes. When grafting, the catheter was cut into small segments of 0.8 to 1.2 cm in length.
Catheter grafting technology has the advantage of significantly improving the grafting efficiency. More than 1,000 grafts per person per day increase the grafting efficiency by a factor of two; at the same time, the catheter does not need to be removed after grafting, and it ruptures as the plant grows, simplifying the grafting procedure, and grafting survival rate. % or more, the production cost per plant grafted seedling is reduced by 50%.
The eggplant and tomato are used as an example to introduce the use of technology points: due to climatic differences in different regions, the sowing period test is needed to determine the appropriate sowing date. Generally, eggplant rootstock is sowed 5 to 6 days earlier than the scion, and the tomato rootstock is planted earlier than the scion 2 ~ 3 days. When grafting 5 true leaves of eggplant rootstocks and scions, grafting began and 2 to 4 true leaves of tomato were grafted.
When grafting, cut the root tip of the rootstock with a blade at an angle of 30 to 45, retain 1 true leaf, and select the appropriate diameter of the catheter to cover the rootstock. Use a blade to cut the tip of the shoot at 20 to 45 degrees, leaving 2 leaves and 1 heart. Insert the cut tip of the scion into the tube of the rootstock to ensure that the rootstock and the cutting surface are in close contact.
After grafting, the grafted seedlings were shaved and moistened, and the temperature was controlled at 20°C to 25°C. Check the temperature and humidity inside the grafted seedling sheds every day. After 5 to 7 days, see the lights open. After grafting to survive, routine management is performed according to conventional grafted seedlings.
Note: Pay attention to adjusting the seeding time and growth status of the stock and scion varieties, so that the rootstock and scion seedlings have the same stalk size to facilitate catheter grafting. This technology is applicable to the national eggplant and tomato production areas.
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