Recently, Mr. Zhang, a farmer in Pinggu District, consulted the two-year-old peach for pruning in winter, involving 2 varieties. One is the open type variety Xinchuan Nakajima, and the other is the upright variety, Spring Snow, asking how the two main branches are happy. In addition, there is an annual variety of Ghanaian rock, the density is 5 meters 4 meters, there is no plastic in the summer, two main branches of happy type how to prune?
Lu Yongqiang, a fruit tree cultivation expert and researcher of fruit trees cultivation at the Beijing Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, answered questions.
As the saying goes, "Winter shears cut trees, summer cuts promote flowers." The winter pruning is carried out on the basis of summer pruning. Through reasonable winter pruning, the tree structure is cultivated and maintained to achieve early results, high yield, stable production, and high-quality production.
The appropriate time for winter shearing of fruit trees should be carried out after defoliation and before budding in the following year. Too late trimming will excessively lose the nutrition of the tree, affect the tree vigor, and bring about adverse effects on flowering and fruit setting. Peach tree is a stone fruit tree, flower buds are pure flower buds. The saplings grow vigorously and should be lightly cut and slowly laid. The sparsely planted peach trees need to be built with a strong skeleton and short cuts to the main lateral branches to enhance the loading capacity of the backbone branches. In short, the winter shear of young trees is mainly light shear and slow release. However, the backbone branches and result branches must be treated differently. Different locations, growth potentials, lengths, and thicknesses are different, and the degree of short cut when pruning should not be the same.
There are differences in pruning for different tree ages and tree vigores. Young tree pruning mainly completes the selection and cultivation of the main lateral branches, so that the young trees can quickly expand the crown and leave fruit branches for a long time. Pruning of mature peach trees is mainly to stabilize the tree potential, control the crown, cultivate good fruiting branches, improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the tree, reasonably load, extend the life of the results, and improve fruit quality. For trees with weak trees, it is necessary to increase the length of fruit branches and promote long fruiting branches to increase tree vigor. For the lower branch, attention should be paid to the retention of the reserve branch to prevent the outward movement of the resulting site.
Specific to the two-year-old pruning of the main branch of the peach tree, each main branch left about 70 cm short, short branches in the lower part of the fruit shoots can delay the results, extended branches cut within 20 cm if there is a secondary tip Should be removed from the base to maintain the top edge, the next year under the shear can be opened at an angle and the stout new shoots as side branches, each main branch is configured with a side branch on the left and right, the first side branch is 1 meter high from the ground, The second lateral branch is about 70 centimeters away from the first lateral branch; on the main lateral branch, a short cut of 20 cm can be left to control growth. The branches on both sides of the other main branches and the lower branches shall all be pulled slowly to ease the growth of new shoots in late spring to promote fruit setting. This pruning, the backbone of the branches is relatively strong, different from the main branch of the extension of the first time without delaying the cut head method, the tree load capacity, the inner church and the lower part is not easy to bald naked. The one-year-old peach tree is selected to leave two scattered and symmetrical branches as the main branch, avoiding the choice of leaving the opposite main branch, so that the main branch is easy to split. Pruning methods are the same as for biennial trees.
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