Cultivation techniques of coleus

In recent years, colored vegetables have become popular in the world because of their bright colors and rich nutrition. Coleus is mainly based on leaf-feeding, and it is suitable for raw food, which is favored by people. At present, the main cultivars are: Seoul Red, Red Emperor, etc., all of which are wrinkled or semi-balloon varieties. The color of the leaves is red, red and brown. Its early spring ripening techniques are as follows: Spring early ripening cultivation generally uses plastic large, medium and small sheds, wind barrier impotence or solar greenhouse with poor thermal insulation performance. In the middle and late December of December, the North China region is planted in Yangshuo or a solar greenhouse. It is planted in a protective facility in mid-to-late February and will be listed in April.

1. Nursery: Early spring ripening cultivation, more use of wind barrier Yangshuo seedlings. The wind barrier impotence should be built in the autumn. 15-20 days before sowing, plastic film is buckled, and grasshoppers are added at night to maximize the temperature of the nursery. Before sowing, combined with deep turning, 45,000 kilograms of fermented organic fertilizer per hectare.耙平做畦. Seeds are first soaked in water at 25--30 °C for 7-12 hours, removed, and the excess water is removed, wrapped in gauze and germinated at a temperature of 16--20 °C. When 80% of the seeds are white, they are sown. Picking up the morning in fine weather. The nursery pupa first fills the water, and after the water seeps, it is evenly spread. After sprinkling, the fine soil is covered with 0.5 cm. Immediately after the sowing, the plastic film is buckled and the grass scorpion is warmed at night. The amount of seedbed per hectare is 4.5--6 kg. Before the seedlings are unearthed, the insulation cover such as grass scorpion should be exposed early and not covered, and the temperature should be kept at 20--25 °C to speed up emergence. After the seedlings are unearthed, they should be properly ventilated and cooled to prevent the temperature from being too high, causing the seedlings to grow. Keep the temperature of 12-20 °C during the day, no more than 22 °C, and 5--8 °C during the night to promote the growth of seedlings. The grass scorpion should be exposed early and covered in the evening to maximize the time of seeing the seedlings. After the seedlings are out, and the first time in the seedlings. In addition to the dense, and the birth of the seedlings. 2-3-5 tablets of true leaves, seedlings, 4--5 cm. Watering should be done as little as possible during the seedling period. If the soil is dry, water can be poured. 5-7 days before planting, gradually increase the ventilation and reduce the temperature of the seedbed. Keep about 15 °C during the day and 5 °C at night to exercise the seedlings to improve the cold resistance and adaptability of the seedlings. At the seedling stage, attention should be paid to heat preservation and antifreeze. Seedling age 35--50 days, 5-6 leaves can be colonized.

2. Colonization: Planting density, leaf lettuce can be properly dense, the row spacing is 20 cm x 25 cm; the lettuce is slightly thinner, the row spacing is 30 cm x 40 cm. Early-maturing varieties should be 30 cm square, and mid-late ripe varieties should be 35--40 cm square. When planting, try to minimize the damage of roots and soil, and the depth of planting should be equal to the depth of the original soil.

3. Field management: watering should be less in the early stage of cultivation, and more tillage should be carried out to promote root development. After the seedlings are combined with watering, the fertilizer is chased once, and 150 kg of urea per hectare is applied. After the seedlings are watered, the seedlings should be properly seeded to inhibit the development of the rosette leaves, promote the heart and prevent the length. In the middle and late growth stages, the lotus leaf leaves are kept intact and the leaves are rapidly cohesively grown to form tight leaf balls, which requires an increase in water and fertilizer supply. Stop watering before harvesting for storage and transportation.

4. Harvest: Leaf lettuce should be harvested at the right time. The suitable harvesting period is short, premature harvesting, insufficient growth, and reduced yield; while harvesting is slightly delayed, the stems are shortened, the leafballs become loose, and the quality deteriorates. When the leaf ball grows to a certain size, the ball is tight in real time, that is, it should be harvested.

5. Disease control: lettuce downy mildew mainly harms the leaves. Symptoms: At the beginning of the disease, the leaves are round or polygonal with green or yellow-green spots, and the white mold layer grows on the back. Later, the lesions turn brown, and when they are connected into pieces, the leaves Dry. Control methods: Rotation: Two or more years of rotation with other crops. Field management: Use strong, disease-free seedlings when planting. Strengthen the management of cultivating, fertilizer and water, drain in time, and reduce the humidity in the field. The diseased plants were found to be removed in time, buried or burned. Chemical control: At the beginning of the disease, 75% chlorothalonil 600 times solution, or 40% ethyl phosphorus aluminum 400 times solution, or 72.2% Plex 800 times solution, or 72% gram dew 750 times solution can be used. The above-mentioned agents are preferably applied alternately, once every 5-7 days, and even sprayed 2 - 3 times. Symptoms of lettuce sclerotium disease: The base of the stem of the plant is damaged, water-stained lesions appear, brown, and then rot, the ground is withered. When it is wet, the filaments grow on the lesions, and then form the sclerotia of the mouse feces. Control method: Rotation: 3 to 4 years of rotation. Field management: rational close planting, improved ventilation, proper watering, and reduced field humidity. Chemical control: 50% carbendazim 500 times solution, or 50% chloramine 1000 times solution, or 50% chloramphenic 1000 times solution at the beginning of the onset, once every 7 days, even spray 2 - 3 times.

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