At present, in order to achieve high yield of rice and improve agricultural production efficiency, it is urgent to widely promote rice mechanization and transplanting and field management techniques. The rice machine insertion technology is simple in operation and saves cost. Compared with the common breeding method, the rice transplanting machine requires increasing the seeding density and implementing standardized management to promote the robust growth of the seedlings and meet the high yield requirements of rice. Take the promotion effect of the above Rao City as an example, and combine the actual situation to talk about the summary of rice mechanization and transplanting technology and field management technology.
1 Nursery preparation
1.1 Making a bed
Open-air breeding will cause rapid loss of water in the soil, and the temperature will be greatly reduced, which is unfavorable for seed germination. Rice mechanized rice transplanting requires smooth ground, good drainage and irrigation conditions, and high soil temperature. In addition to ensuring the smooth separation between the trampolines, it is also necessary to build a field around the Putian to facilitate timely drainage and irrigation. .
1.2 Material preparation
Machine seedlings and seedlings are selected to be soft plastic trays. It is necessary to prepare sufficient nutrient soil and appropriate seeds in advance (prepared rice seeds, hybrid rice seeds are prepared separately for 30, 22.5 kg/hm2), and soft plastic trays (conventional) Rice and hybrid rice were prepared at 390 and 330 pieces/hm 2 respectively).
1.3 Variety selection and seed treatment
The first is to choose the rice variety suitable for machine insertion. The rice mechanical transplanting in Shangrao City should select varieties that have passed the national examination and are suitable for local climate characteristics and site conditions, high yield, high quality and high level of resistance. The second is seed treatment. After the variety is selected, the seeds are selected with clear water, and the glutinous grains attached to the surface are removed, leaving the seeds full of seeds, then placed in the sun to sown, and immersed in the strong chlorin solution after 1 to 2 days, 12~ After 14 h, rinse with clean water and mix well with the seed dressing.
2 nursery school
2.1 Place the plate
After the trampoline is selected, it is pre-flattened, and then the floppy disk is laid on the sill plate. The burrs between the floppy disk and the floppy disk are overlapped and pressed together, and the floppy disk must be tightly fitted to the bed surface when placed. Spread the nutrient soil that has been sieved in advance in the inside of the tray, spread it evenly, smooth the surface of the nutrient soil, pour the water, and spray the dixon solution on the bed soil.
2.2 Sowing
Seedlings were planted 18 to 20 days before transplanting. In order to ensure even seeding in each tray, it can be sown by disc to achieve precise seeding. It is advisable to cover the soil after sowing, and it is better to not see the seeds. If the nursery is used for breeding, the thickness of the soil can be appropriately increased.
2.3 Management of the nursery period
After the seeding is finished, fill the appropriate amount of water and level the ditch to ensure that the fine soil in the pan can be soaked, and then drain the water in the ditch. On the third day, decide whether to water or not according to the actual moisture content on the surface of the pan. If the soil is too dry, you need to water it once in the morning and in the evening until the seedlings are all out. After the Miaoqi irrigation, the water management is determined according to the actual situation; after the seedlings 2 leaves, the diluted urea solution is sprayed as top dressing, and the mixed solution is prepared by mixing 50 g of urea with water 8-9 L, spraying the plate 22 At the end of the tray, about 10 minutes after the end, the seedlings are sprayed with water once to prevent burning of the seedlings; the pests and diseases during rice seedlings mainly include rice blast, chafer, rice planthopper, etc., and sprayed with imipenem, three before 5 days before transplanting. As a feeding agent, cyclazole has a good effect on the prevention of rice planthopper and rice blast.
3 machine plug
3.1 Daejeon finishing
The rice transplanter has high requirements for the quality of the land preparation in Daejeon. The field is required to be flat and tidy, with a drop of less than 3 cm, the topsoil is soft and the surface is free of debris. Datian should be fully submerged after land preparation. The time is determined by the soil condition. If it is sandy soil, it can be dried for 1 d. If it is loam, it will be solid for 2 to 3 days. The clay will take longer. When inserting the machine, ensure that the depth of the field water is between 1 and 2 cm.
3.2 Transplanting specifications
After the whole field is completed, the surface of the field is fully submerged and mechanically inserted. When transplanting, the field has a shallow water layer, and the depth of the machine is controlled at about 20 cm. According to the actual rice planting in Shangrao City, according to the plant spacing of 17~21 cm×30 cm, the planting density is between 180,000 and 225,000 bushes/hm 2 , and about 3 seedlings per cluster. During the machine insertion process, it is necessary to ensure that it does not drift and does not leak, and the empty insertion rate must not exceed 10%.
4 Daejeon Management
4.1 Scientific fertilization
Machine transplanting in the field of fertilization refers to the local conventional transplanting method. Choose organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer as the base fertilizer, and the split fertilizer should not be applied once. The application of base fertilizer is generally carried out during land preparation. Choose 25% compound fertilizer 300-600 kg/hm 2 , apply urea 105-150 kg/hm 2 for branching fertilizer about 2 weeks after transplanting; 45 days after transplanting. Urea 90~120 kg/hm 2 and potassium fertilizer 75 kg/hm 2 were applied to promote flower fertilizer, and then urea was applied at 90 kg/hm 2 for 10-12 d as flower retention fertilizer.
4.2 Operational moisture
If you encounter precipitation in 1~2d after transplanting, you don't need watering. On sunny days, you need to water it properly. Intermittent irrigation was carried out 2 to 7 days after transplanting. When the tiller in the field is sufficient for seedlings (25 to 30 days after machine insertion), shallow water irrigation can be implemented, and appropriate drying of the field should be paid to avoid excessive inefficient tillers in the field and improve the resistance of rice plants to disease and lodging. The field water was drained to the field about 5 days before heading. In the wax maturity period, the dry and wet wet water management method is adopted, and the drainage is performed 7 to 10 days before the harvest.
4.3 Integrated pest management
The seedlings of the transplanted seedlings grow small, and the pests and diseases are easy to occur after transplanting, and should be controlled in time according to the actual situation. Common pests and diseases mainly include bacterial leaf blight, bacterial stripe disease, rice planthopper, etc., and can be controlled by sprays such as leaf azole and thiamethoxam. After the rice is firmed, it is mixed with dichlorvos and fine soil and then applied to the field. It has a good control effect on rice planthopper. If the weeds in the field grow too fast, they should be removed in time to avoid competition for nutrients and space with the seedlings.
The above is all the technical content of today. The grain growers who are interested in this rice technology can collect it first. If you want to learn other technologies, you can continue to pay attention to Hui Nong.
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