The tissues surrounding the tumor, immune cells, blood vessels, extracellular matrix and other elements together form a "tumor microenvironment", which is a "fertile soil" that assists in the rapid expansion and invasion of tumors. Now, a new study shows that the tumor microenvironment will also determine the type of liver cancer!
On September 12th, the journal Nature published the latest research on the topic of "Necroptosis microenvironment directs lineage commitment in liver cancer". The international team led by Professor Lars Zender of the University Hospital of Tübingen and the Cancer Society of Germany found that: The tumor microenvironment (including surrounding dying liver cells) determines the type of liver cancer.
Liver cancer is the fourth most common malignant tumor in China and the third most common malignant tumor. Among them, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) belong to two kinds of primary liver cancer. These two types of cancer are different in behavior and the treatment methods are naturally different.
In the latest research, the cancer microenvironment, especially the way cells die in this environment, has proven to be a determining factor in the development of cancer types. Scientists have discovered that when cells in the microenvironment die from apoptosis, the precursors of cancer cells develop in the direction of hepatocellular carcinoma. Conversely, if the surrounding cells die due to necrosis, the precursor cells will develop into intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
Among them, during the process of necrosis, the cell membrane will dissolve, and the contents of the cells will leak, which will further cause inflammation around the cancer cells. In the traditional process of apoptosis, cells form vesicles that are eventually cleared by the immune system.
This result was verified in both mouse models and human tissue samples. Xin Wei Wang, a researcher at the American Cancer Research Center, and his team completed the analysis of human samples. The epidemiologist Oliver Bischof of the Pasteur Institute analyzed how "the microenvironment affects the gene expression of cancer cells."
What is the significance of this discovery for clinical practice? Professor Lars Zender replied: "In the future, in addition to the type of cancer, we will also study whether the cellular environment directly affects the choice of treatment." In the treatment of chemoembolization of HCC, some studies have found some primary Liver cancer can be converted into cholangioblastoma. This may confirm one of the reasons why cancer no longer responds to traditional therapies.
"This latest study is expected to help fight the mechanisms of resistance in liver cancer treatment, and we hope that these findings will inform new treatment options in the future," explains Professor Lars Zender.
Source: Bio-Exploration
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