1, species selection and characteristics
From 2010, the use of greenhouses (greenhouses) to grow potted ornamental peppers at the Foshan Agricultural Research Institute has become a highlight of every agricultural display, adding new ideas and new elements to the display of improved varieties of agriculture. Over 10 varieties of ornamental peppers suitable for planting in Foshan were selected from more than 80 varieties cultivated over the years. The ornamental pepper varieties were planted in shape, green in the leaves, many in fruiting, stable in shape, easy to manage and easy to grow, and have long viewing periods and high ornamental value. For Foshan City agricultural parks, leisure farms and other planting options.
(1) Red Hawk
Plant height 15 ~ 30 cm, fruit length 5 ~ 6 cm, narrow conical shape, born in plants with good erection. The fruit turns from white to orange-red and then red, and each plant can grow 40 to 50. Non-spicy, ideal home bonsai in autumn and Christmas.
(2) Mini Eagle
Plant height 20 cm, diameter of 25 cm. As the fruit grows, the fruit turns from white to yellow to orange, and finally to bright red. It can be picked and eaten after 98 days of sowing.
(3) Amethyst Ornamental Peppers
Perennial herbaceous plants, often cultivated for one year, plant height 20-30 cm. Berries erect or drooping, long fingers or subglobose, red, yellow or purplish when mature.
(4) Ornamental peaches
Colorful, mini peach-shaped, naturally compact plants, good branching, hi-temperature, fear of frost, avoid high temperature. The fruit development temperature is 25-28°C. It is a short-day plant and it does not require strict light. It can be planted in the spring and autumn. It can be used as a potted plant and can also be eaten.
(5) Colorful peppercorns
Plant height 35 ~ 40 cm, stronger growth, more branches, small leaves, dark green, short cone-shaped fruit, several different colors, also known as ornamental pepper, bright colors, beautiful, ornamental value is high, can pot, also It can be cultivated in the open field, with a strong spicy taste. It can be cooked, eaten raw, and has strong disease resistance.
(6) Gobi
Precocious, harvested 65 to 70 days after planting (in open field). The fruit is solitary, and the tender fruit is yellow-white and turns bright red when fully ripe. Ripe fruit 4.6 ~ 4.8 cm. The flesh is thick and spicy. High resistance to bacterial wilt, heat resistance, fruit crack resistance, continuous fruit setting ability.
(7) Tianjiao Caihuang 1
Colored pepper, early maturing, plant height 45 cm, plant width 60 cm, shorter internodes, 8-9 flowers, fruit horns, tender fruit green, orange, yellow, fruit length 20-22 cm, fruit width 3.5 cm, small head shoulder, single fruit quality 70 ~ 80 g, fruit surface is smooth and glossy, good merchandise, fruiting concentration, thin skin, thick fruit, small cavity, spicy, with rich aroma, rich in Vitamin C and carotene, high quality , is a combination of fresh and processed varieties.
(8) Jing Cai Zilong
Strong growth potential, fruit horn shape, commercial fruit purple, slightly spicy taste, fruit surface smooth, good quality, fruit long fruit width 16.0 cm 3.8 cm, single fruit quality 60 g, more resistant to virus disease.
(9) High-yield wrinkled pepper
Strong resistance, high yield. Plant height 50 ~ 60 cm, degree of development 45 ~ 60 cm. Pericarp shrinkage, Peel the fruit skin is light yellow green, the old ripe fruit color is bright red, fruit square lantern shape.
(10) Ball One
Yuanzhu No.1 is a type of mid-maturity single Zunyi Chaotian pepper type. Plant height 90 cm, plant upright, hard branches, small leaves, dark green leaves; fruit cone, fruit length 3.6 cm, fruit width 3 cm, blunt fruit, early and late fruit consistency, single fruit quality 10 About g, the red fruit is dark red, spicy and scented. The dry matter content is 24%, the oil content is much, and the dried product does not wrinkle. Good ripeness, internodes, single fruit bearing, high yield potential, hot and humid resistance, strong resistance, suitable for dry pepper or pepper.
2. Cultivation Management Technology
(1) Potted containers and soil preparation
1Select the container type and size according to the requirements of variety, plant height, shape, and commerciality
The plastic greenhouses are planted in plastic pots and are available in sizes 250 mm 250 mm, 300 mm 260 mm and 400 mm 300 mm. General plant height below 30 cm using 250 mm250 mm size plastic disc; plant height 30 ~ 60 cm using 300 mm260 mm size disc; plant height 60 cm above 400 mm300 mm size plastic disc.
2 potted soil selection
Select high-quality pond mud, coarse cocoons or mushroom sticks, and mix them in a 1:1 ratio. Every 3 kg of superphosphate, 1.5 kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer was added to the soil. Spray carbendazim 750 times before the transplant to disinfect, or directly use the pepper cultivation medium.
(2) nursery transplant basin
Seed sowing in spring from January to February, transplanting in March, best viewing period from May to July; planting from July to August in autumn, transplanting in early September in late August, and the best viewing period from November to next year. The seeds were divided into bags, first soaked in warm water at 55°C for 10 min, then disinfected with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 20 min, washed with clear water for 8 to 12 h, washed and dried, and wrapped with a wet towel and placed at 30°C. The incubator was used to germinate, and after sowing, it was sowed in a 50-well nursery pot with 2 tablets per well. After two true leaves grow, one strong seedling per hole is reserved, and four to six true leaves are transplanted, one for each pot.
(3) Greenhouse Environmental Regulation
Ornamental peppers are warm and hi-light, hi light is more resistant to weak light, frost-free, avoid high temperature, the optimum growth temperature is 20～30°C. Above 35°C or lower than 15°C, the growth is slow and the fruit is falling; if the growth is below 10°C, no growth occurs. Cold-tolerant species produce cold damage (such as mini-hawks). Open the window of the greenhouse as much as possible in the summer, strengthen ventilation, open the shade net outside the roof from 10:00 to 16:00, sprinkle water on the ground, reduce the temperature inside the greenhouse, and turn on the exhaust fan in high temperature and high humidity to increase the air flow and reduce the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse. When the temperature in the greenhouse exceeds 35°C, water is sprayed onto the roof to quickly reduce the temperature inside the greenhouse. In autumn and winter, when the temperature drops below 20°C, close the doors and windows and try to keep the temperature in the shed.
(4) Fertilizer management
Keep basin soil moist but not watery. When watering, it should be poured along the edge of the basin. Do not spray on the foliage. Otherwise, it will cause the tops of the plants to lay down and lose weight. After 5 days of transplanting, 100 times of the solution of the compound fertilizer was sprayed, and 1 500 times of the green chitin was rooted and resistant to roticide, 3 times in succession, each time was 5 days apart to promote plant growth; 2-5 g of compound fertilizer was applied to each pot during the initial flowering period. , interval 10 days; increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer (compound fertilizer, potassium sulfate fertilizer, superphosphate ratio of 10:1:2), apply 5 to 10 g per pot, once every 7 days, and add watering Times, while spraying 500 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate 500 times 2 or 3 times, in order to improve the fruit setting rate and make the fruit color bright.
(5) Fixed pruning
In order to enhance the ornamental quality, it is particularly important to pruning, repairing and fixing plants. Due to the large size of the ornamental peppers and the large amount of fruit on the ground, the soil in the basin is small and loose, and cannot bear its own weight, and it is prone to lodging and breaking, affecting the ornamental effect and must be fixed in time. The bamboo leaves or coarse iron wire is usually inserted at the beginning of the flowering period and fixed with a thin iron wire. As the plant grows, the plant width increases, and the fruiting is increased. The bamboo shoots must be inserted in time to fix them. Otherwise, the branch buds will be broken, affecting the appearance and losing the ornamental quality. The old leaves, yellow leaves, diseased leaves and the lateral shoots below the tiller will be removed in time to maintain nutrition. Supply and maintain ventilation to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases.
(6) Pest control
In southern China, there are many hot and humid climates, and there are many pests and diseases in hot peppers. It should be treated as soon as possible. Diseases mainly include wilt disease, stalk rot, disease, virus disease, etc.; insect pests are mainly tea planters, thrips, whiteflies, and aphids. Potted peppers are mainly used for ornamental purposes. Prevention and control of pests and diseases should be based on prevention.
Seedling stage to prevent disease, sprayed 70% Propylene Zinc (Aetnax) wettable powder 1 200 times every 5 to 7 days after emergence of true leaves; spray every 7 to 10 days after transplanting 72 % Streptomycin for agricultural soluble powder 1500 times, 500 g/L thiophanate-methyl (thiophanate-methyl) Suspension 750 times, 4% Jinggangmycin Aqueous 400 times to prevent wilt, stem rot Root diseases; diseases and virus diseases can be controlled by 68% Jin Lei Duo Mi (Medium Amine Manganese Zinc) water dispersible granules 600 ~ 800 times liquid, 0.5% lentinan water agent 600 times; Alternating tea Huang Huan 10% Avicin Emulsion 2 000 times or 73% Alkydne Emulsion 2 000 - 3 000 times to prevent and cure, Gumma Spray 1.5% Aldicarb Emulsion 1 000 times or 60 g/L Ethyl spinosad Water 1 000 times liquid agent control, Bemisia tabaci, aphid spray 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 1500 times or 3% acetamiprid EC 1500 times control.
(7) Harvesting and viewing management
Ornamental peppers can be both ornamental and edible, and should be harvested in batches after the fruit is fully ripe and dark red (or yellowing), and nutrient supply is maintained to promote the second batch of flowering results. After the harvest is complete, the plants are trimmed and the old branches and dead branches are cut off. After the new shoots are re-emerged, the flowering results can be continued and the viewing time can be prolonged. Perennial flower cultivation can also be performed.
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