"Due to the large investment in facility cultivation and high technical requirements, most of the fruit trees are planted in open fields." Recently, Chen Qinglong, head of the Four Seasons Fruit Leisure Picking Park in Sanzhu Township, Shizhu Tujia Autonomous County, told the author that open field cultivation is subject to natural conditions. The impact is large, sometimes due to sudden changes in the climate, resulting in a large reduction in fruit tree yields and affecting the annual income of fruit farmers. Due to the low temperature in winter, if the fruit trees are not properly managed, frost damage often occurs. The lighter ones are frozen and the shoots are drained; the severer ones cause the tree to die and die. Therefore, it is very important to prevent frost and cold in winter.
Chuanzhu Community is located in the center of Sanhe Town. The three-dimensional climate is very obvious, and the altitude is between 600m and 1200m. The weather is cold in winter. In 2014, local villagers concentrated the transfer of 470 acres of wasteland, and the Sichuan main fruit leisure picking garden was established. At present, fruit trees such as cherry, loquat, plum, and pear are planted in the garden. Most of the fruit trees have been put into production, which has helped farmers increase their income.
Now in winter, why is the fruit tree frozen, and how to protect it from freezing, and how to deal with it after freezing? In response to these problems, local farmers and agricultural technicians explained to the author one by one.
Cause of freezing
"Good management of frost damage to fruit trees not only helps to increase fruit yield, but also helps to improve fruit quality." Chen Qinglong said that most fruit trees are vulnerable to freezing in winter due to the cold climate, but some trees are very lightly damaged or not. Yes, this is because the fruit trees are frozen for many reasons.
Different types of fruit trees have different degrees of frost damage. Apricot and jujube trees are not susceptible to frost damage due to early deciduous leaves and low moisture content in the cortex, while cherry trees are prone to frost damage due to late leaves, strong growth, and high cortical moisture content.
Tree age The same kind of fruit trees have different rates and degrees of frost damage at different ages. Young, vigorously growing trees are more likely to be damaged by frost than larger and stronger trees, and their frost is more severe.
Different parts of the fruit tree suffered different degrees of freezing damage. When frost damage occurs to fruit trees, the parts with high water content and windward side are more severely damaged. Branches are severely frozen due to snow and ice, the mature branches are more resistant to freezing, and flower buds are more likely to be frozen.
Terrain fruit trees grow in different terrains and suffer different degrees of frost damage. Fruit trees suffer from low frost damage in high and dry places; fruit trees suffer severe frost damage in low-lying and poorly drained places.
The management of fruit farmers is in place, which also affects the freezing of fruit trees. Fruit farmers are finely managed, adding phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and controlling water in the later period. Fruit trees fall off in time, branches grow stout, and have strong ability to resist frost damage. difference.
Protection against freezing damage
Local agricultural technicians told the author to prevent freezing damage according to different specific conditions such as fruit tree planting, environment, and tree age. The specific measures are as follows:
Planting cold-resistant trees When planting fruit trees, it is necessary to choose tree species suitable for local growth and strong cold-resistant performance according to local climate conditions.
When you choose to plant fruit trees in the planting area, it is best to choose places with higher terrain, good drainage, low wind, and thick soil layers.
When building an orchard, you can build a shelter or windbreak on the windward side of the orchard to reduce the wind speed and increase the temperature in the orchard.
Diligent in the management of fruit trees in the late one year of growth, more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, less or no nitrogen fertilizers, promote shoots and maturity, strengthen the tree body; strengthen pest control, protect the leaves, improve photosynthesis and efficiency, increase nutrients Accumulates, thus increasing wintering resistance.
In addition, for young trees and poorly freeze-resistant trees, pruning in winter can be postponed until spring. In mid-to-late November, spraying ethephon on trees that have not fallen off in time to promote fallen leaves, forcing them to enter a dormant period as soon as possible.
"In winter, pay attention to listening to the local weather forecast. When the temperature drops sharply, timely take protective measures such as tying the trunk with a straw rope, wrapping plastic film, cultivating soil with a tree tray, and watering to cool it down. "Snow cover to prevent freezing ..." Chen Qinglong said, once the fruit tree is affected by diseases and insect pests, do not perform winter shears. After the spring of the next year, pruning according to the freezing conditions, follow light shears for long release, leave fewer flower buds, and reduce the load the rules.
Special measures
"Winter is coming. For those tree species with poor cold resistance, a more effective measure is to scrape and whiten the fruit trees to ensure that the fruit trees are" strengthening and healthy. "Chen Qinglong said.
Objects such as apples, pears, peaches, grapes, walnuts and other fruit trees are easy to produce coarse skins. Therefore, if this type of tree is an adult tree more than 10 years old, it must be skinned. Scrape the rough bark, cracks, rot spots, and ring marks on the trunk and backbone.
The skinning time should be carried out in the middle and late winter, when the temperature is high. The scraping is premature. After the old rough skin is scraped off, the tender skin is exposed, which is susceptible to freezing, which affects the safety of fruit trees for overwintering. If the scraping is too late, the sap begins to flow and the pathogens begin to spread.
The depth of the scraping is well grasped. Generally, the fruit tree only needs to scrape the old rough skin and warped skin, and the depth is not white. It is necessary to avoid damage to the endothelial layer. Stronger trees can be scraped deeper, and weaker trees should be scraped shallower. Fruit trees with rot and dry rot must be scraped from the diseased skin to the woody layer, and the blade must be smooth, and the bark must be scraped into a diamond shape to facilitate spring wound healing.
After shaving, apply white paint and scrape it again. It can not only reduce the frost damage, but also eliminate overwintering diseases and insects under the bark and cracks, and reduce the incidence of sunburn.
The specific formulation of the white coating agent is: 12 parts of quicklime, 3 parts of the original solution of the stone sulfur mixture, 1 part of table salt, 2 parts of soybean flour and sufficient water, and it is ready after being fully stirred.
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