1. What are the occurrences of vegetable snowstorms?
Due to the hazard caused by excessive snowing for too long, there are two kinds of manifestations of snow damage in vegetable production: 1 The snow damage caused by open field damage mainly affects the north. It has little effect on the south, but the heavy snow that occurred once in a hundred years in January 2008 has a huge impact, especially on the radishes and lettuce that have become commercial foods, causing devastating snow damage.
2 The snow in the protected area is long and the snow is thick, and the roof of the greenhouse carries a large weight of snow, which causes damage to the shed. Simple bamboo and wood structures and even steel frame greenhouses were damaged due to the failure to clean the snow in time.
2. What are the techniques for reducing vegetable ice and snow disasters?
1 Management of open field vegetables strengthen the management of open field vegetables such as spinach, common cabbage, lettuce, Chinese cabbage, rapeseed, etc., timely clearing ditch drainage, timely cultivating and weeding after clearing, strengthening pest control and fertilizer management, and timely harvesting and listing. After the freeze-killing of the solanaceous vegetable seedlings cultivated in the open field, it is necessary to use the greenhouse or the solar greenhouse electric hotline to quickly raise the seedlings after the disaster. If there are conditions, it is necessary to intensively raise the seedlings, shorten the seedling period, and replant as soon as possible.
2 greenhouse vegetable management timely clean the snow in the vegetable greenhouse to prevent the collapse of the greenhouse, timely repair of the collapsed greenhouse, to prevent further expansion of the disaster; to clear the ditch around the greenhouse; add a small arch shed in the greenhouse, cover the cold insulation in the evening, multi-day Remove the cover to increase the light; after the rain (snow), the steepness should pay attention to proper shading, gradually increase the light; control the watering, so as not to reduce the ground temperature, increase the air humidity, cause disease; increase the wind on sunny days, and the temperature on cloudy days. Appropriate air release at a higher time, control humidity and disease prevention; use smoke or dust to control pests and diseases. In the area where the vegetables in the shed are frozen, you can sneak a batch of common cabbage, cabbage, cilantro, lettuce, leeks, water radish and other fast-growing vegetables after the disaster, and strive to be listed in March-April; take prompt breeding methods to cultivate melons. Classes, beans and other warm vegetables and western melon seedlings, and strive to colonize in the middle and late March.
3 vegetable seedling management greenhouse seedlings should be added with incandescent lamps, stoves or electric stoves to increase the temperature and protect seedlings; small greenhouse seedlings should cover grasshoppers (curtains), to prevent grasshoppers (curtains) from being wet by rain (snow) to reduce the insulation effect, also It should be covered with a rainproof membrane. It is not advisable to use smoke agents to control pests and diseases in small sheds.
3. What are the measures to restore production after greenhouse damage?
1 Sweeping snow covered all the shacks of the whole shed or half-turned, most of them did not clean the snow in time. After the temperature was low, the snow on the shed increased, resulting in collapse. Those shacks who cleaned the snow in time, even if it was a span The large bamboo shed is also intact. As long as it is snowing, even if it is deep in the middle of the night, it must also be cleaned up to cover the snow on the shed film.
2Repair the large sheds in the greenhouse regardless of the snow disaster are all collapsed or half-turned or not. It is necessary to hurry up to repair the reinforced skeleton and the shed film, add wooden struts in the shed, strengthen the pillars in the shed, and reinforce the lamination line. The bottom film around the greenhouse should be pressed with mud, and the loopholes of the membrane should be filled with tape. Small holes can be wetted with micro-film.
3 When the snow outside the gully shed starts to melt, it is necessary to clear the ditch and drain the snow in time. It is best to remove the snow from the film on both sides of the shed to prevent the snow from melting through the soil of the shed. In the shed, not only take away heat, but also increase humidity.
4 Warming and warming adopt temporary warming measures to reasonably regulate the temperature inside the shed, such as light bulbs, heating, temporary combustibles, etc., but pay attention to the safety of electricity, and the combustion products should prevent gas damage. In order to increase the temperature and antifreeze, the small arch shed can be buckled in the greenhouse, and the bamboo arch is arched, covered with double-layer film, or the shading net is applied on the small arch shed film. The condition can also be added under the greenhouse film. Hang the two-layer film (a distance of about one foot from the top film, hook it with a rope hook).
5 Slowly warming the vegetables after freezing, can not immediately close the shed to heat up, can only make the temperature in the shed slowly rise, so that the frozen tissue gradually absorbs the water lost due to freezing. After the sun comes out, the vents should be opened appropriately. After a while, the vents will be gradually reduced and closed, and the shed temperature will rise slowly.
6 Improve the light during the day to cover the curtains, shade nets and other coverings as early as possible to increase the lighting. However, it is necessary to pay attention to the method of uncovering the curtain when uncovering the cover. It cannot be completely removed at one time to prevent the snow from turning clear after the snow is too strong. Conditional, the nursery shed is best to use a new film or no drop film, light transmission is better.
7 Ventilation and dehumidification 1~2 at noon, try to expose the door for about 1 hour, remove the exhaust gas, reduce the water accumulated on the film, and reduce the humidity. When the humidity of the vegetable seedlings in the shed is too large, it can be sprinkled on the leaf surface with grass ash or dry fine soil, and then the leaves are scraped with a feather brush. However, the shed door should have a windshield of 30~40 cm to prevent sweeping the wind and freeze the crops near the door.
8 After the freezing damage to the greenhouse damage to the vegetables in the shed, it is necessary to apply the foliar fertilizer reasonably. The crops and seedlings that have been seriously damaged by freezing and freezing should be prohibited from using hormone-promoting drugs that promote growth. 300 times liquid rice vinegar spray leaves (50 ml to 15 kg water) can be used, and 30 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 1% sucrose + 1% rice vinegar solution can be added to spray the leaves to increase vegetable resistance.
9 fertilizer management after thawing after snow, after the plants resume growth, the weather is fine at noon, depending on the growth of vegetables can be traced to the application of light manure water to promote growth. Foliar application of a wide-spectrum agent such as thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim, and chlorothalonil. (The humidity in the shed can be used to spread the original powder, that is, the original drug is wrapped with cloth, and tied with bamboo raft. In the place where the disease is affected, tapping the medicine to prevent the occurrence of diseases such as gray mold, sclerotinia, and blight.
In addition, we must pay close attention to the weather changes, listen to the weather forecast in time, and prevent the rain and snow from being damaged again. Especially during the Spring Festival, visiting relatives and friends, we must not forget to have a special person to "see the greenhouse three times a day."
4. How to quickly restore vegetable production after the disaster?
1 Sprouts produce sprouts with short production cycle and high yield, which alleviates the contradiction between supply and demand of vegetables in the disaster area. It can use greenhouses, solar greenhouses and free houses to produce sprouts such as peas, mung beans, soybeans, radishes and buckwheat buds.
2 Snatching and smashing vegetables in the disaster is lighter, and the temperature and ground temperature should be quickly rushed to broadcast a shed of ordinary cabbage, Chinese cabbage, green garlic seedlings, parsley, lettuce, leeks and other fast-growing vegetables, and strive for early spring market. It is necessary to take time to use the greenhouses, greenhouse hot-line hotbeds and other rapid seedlings. In places where conditions permit, intensive seedlings should be implemented to shorten the seedling period and strive to replant as soon as possible.
5. How to manage the seedlings of vegetables and vegetables in the winter?
1 Picking vegetables that can be picked in advance for picking in time, picking and grabbing, and organizing local dishes. For example, yellow bud white, cabbage, radish, etc., coordinate the vegetable farmers to pick up the market, the frost damage is lighter, if not listed in time, it will be damaged in the field due to freezing.
2 Strengthen the management of seedlings in greenhouses such as peppers and other vegetable seedlings in the greenhouse. First, measures such as electric heating and multi-layer coverage should be adopted. In the near future, it is best to cover the straw curtains during the night; secondly, watering should be reduced to reduce the humidity in the greenhouse; The third is to prevent and control the occurrence of diseases in a timely manner, pay attention to the occurrence and spread of rickets and blight. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the low temperature exercise in the seedling stage to improve the cold resistance of the seedlings. After the seedlings are out, the seedbed should be ventilated, and the ventilation should be gradually increased as the weather warms up, and the seedlings should be subjected to low temperature exercise. Comprehensive inspection and reinforcement of vegetable greenhouses, timely cleaning of snow and avoiding sheds.
6. How to carry out comprehensive management of antifreeze and disaster reduction of winter vegetables?
1 The soil of the soil is covered with warm farmyard manure such as pig manure or soil fertilizer. It can be cultivated in the roots of vegetables to increase the soil temperature of the roots by 2 °C ~ 3 °C. It should be carried out on sunny days, and 1000-1500 kg per acre. Combined with cultivating, using fine soil to cover the roots, the soil can be loosened, the soil temperature can be improved, and the roots can be protected.
2 Adding foliar fertilizer to the vegetable leaf surface and spraying 1~2 times of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to supplement nutrition and enhance cold resistance.
4 Add the cover with agricultural film or wheat straw, etc. Covered with vegetables and vegetables, 100-150 kg of straw per acre, to be sparse, do not cover all the vegetables, so as not to affect photosynthesis.
5 After clearing the ditch, clear the ditch immediately after the snow, remove the accumulated water, improve the vitality of the root system, and prevent the occurrence of waterlogging. Timely clear the greenhouse and the snow on both sides to prevent a large amount of heat from being absorbed during melting, reduce the temperature inside the shed, and drain the ditch to prevent waterlogging.
7. How to reduce post-harvest freezing damage of mature leafy vegetables?
In order to reduce the loss of freeze damage of leafy vegetables such as cabbage, rapeseed, spinach and Chinese cabbage, the following measures can be taken: 1 cold storage storage with cold storage can store frozen vegetables at 0 °C 1 °C to reduce the degree of frost damage. Restore some of the quality.
2 If there is no electricity in the ordinary warehouse, the cold storage or the closed warehouse or bungalow can be used as a ventilation warehouse. That is, the library door or window can be opened at night, and the frozen door will be kept in the day to save the frozen vegetables. The windows of the warehouse are required to be covered with curtains to prevent direct sunlight from shining on the vegetables. For daily management, use a thermometer to measure the temperature during the day and night. It is best to open the door or window for ventilation. It is best to choose between 19~22 in the evening and 5~7 in the morning. The specific ventilation time should be determined according to the local temperature. The lower the ventilation time and frequency, the shorter and less. It is recommended that the ventilation time should not exceed 2 hours. If the temperature rises above 2 °C, the ventilation time can be extended at night, but it cannot be ventilated during the day.
3 Open storage If there is no cold storage, warehouse or bungalow, you can choose a high-lying, unobstructed place to dig a narrow trench of 30~40 cm. The depth of the trench is generally 2 layers. Place the vegetables in a growing state and cover the soil about 5~10 cm thick (according to local storage habits). Thawing 2 days before the market, the vegetables are taken out from the storage ditch, placed in a free room or in a shed, slowly thawed at a low temperature of 0 °C ~ 2 °C, then the yellow and dried leaves are removed, and the bundles are sorted and sold. The thawing process cannot be carried out at high temperatures. In the case of electricity, maintaining a frozen state is a good way to preserve vegetables.
8. How to deal with frozen leafy vegetables?
In the absence of electricity, because the processing plant can not produce, frozen cabbage, cabbage, radish and other vegetables can be preserved by salting. When pickling, the maximum salt content should not exceed 25% of the vegetable, and the minimum salt content should not be less than 10% of the vegetable weight. The pickled vegetables should generally be eaten after 20 days. When pickling, pay attention to people, vegetables (to be cleaned), and the hygiene of the container. As the temperature rises, pay attention to the inverted cylinder.
9. How to carry out cold and antifreeze cultivation of edible fungi?
The minimum temperature for the growth of the edible fungus mycelium is between 3 ° C and 6 ° C. If you encounter temperatures below 0 °C, the mushroom shed (room) can reduce the frostbite of hyphae as long as it can increase the temperature of 2 °C ~ 3 °C. It is important to do a good job of keeping the mushroom shed (house) warm, preventing the mycelial cells from freezing, and avoiding mechanical damage such as cold damage and freezing.
1 Clear snow and ice, ditch drainage. Timely clear the ice and snow accumulated on the top and around the mushroom shed (house) to prevent the mushroom shed (room) from collapsing. Drain the drainage ditch around the mushroom shed (house) to keep the drainage smooth and avoid the invasion of mushroom material by rain and snow.
2 Stop spraying water and try to keep the material surface dry. When the fungus is in a hibernation state at low temperature, the water spray is easy to die.
3 Strengthen the insulation management of mushroom shed (room). The small arch shed can be buckled in the shed; the outside of the shed is covered with a film, a straw curtain and the like to keep warm and dehumidify. The bottom of the shed is made of plastic film as apron to reduce the intrusion of cold air at the bottom; block the gap and minimize the heat dissipation of the gap; use it as a wind barrier in the north of the shed to prevent wind and cold; reduce the number of access to the mushroom house, and make the mushroom shed ( The room temperature is 3 ° C ~ 5 ° C higher than the outside temperature, which basically guarantees the activity of hyphae. The collapsed mushroom shed (room) should be repaired in time and cannot be left unchecked.
4 After the temperature has risen steadily, spray water to the surface in time to resume daily management.
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