Scientific balanced fertilization is a key factor for high wheat yield. Since the growth period is as long as 8 months, the amount and proportion of nutrient elements absorbed by winter wheat are different in different growth periods. Therefore, experts suggest that the method of fertilization should be scientifically determined according to its demand dynamics and fertilizer effect period.
Winter wheat has 8 stages of seedling emergence, tillering, overwintering, greening, jointing, booting, filling, and maturity. In different growth stages, the absorption amount and ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are different. To scientifically fertilize, we should first identify wheat Nutritional characteristics and the law of fertilizer requirement.
Before overwintering, winter wheat does not require much nutrient, mainly nitrogen, which accounts for about 10% to 14% of the total nutrient absorption, and the proportion of phosphorus and potassium is less than 10%. But at this time, the wheat seedlings are small and the root system is weak. Sensitivity is strong, and nutrient supply must be ensured; after the winter, as the temperature rises and the wheat population increases, the nutrient absorption increases rapidly, and it slows down until the heading and flowering, especially potassium, which stops absorption after flowering; From jointing to flowering is the peak period for winter wheat to absorb nutrients. The total nutrient requirement of the whole growth period is 55% of nitrogen, 80% of phosphorus and 90% of potassium. It needs to absorb 28% after flowering until maturity. The nitrogen and a very small amount of phosphorus basically no longer absorb potassium.
Generally speaking, about 2/3 of the nutrients absorbed by wheat in high-yield fields, especially nitrogen, come from the soil. Therefore, improving soil fertility is a key measure to achieve sustained high yield of wheat. The purpose of fertilization is not only to provide nutrients for high-yield crops in the current season, but more importantly, to supplement the soil nutrients absorbed by the growth of crops in the current season, and to lay the foundation for high-yield crops in the next season.
According to research, for every 100 kg of winter wheat grains, about 3.1 kg of nitrogen (N), 1.1 kg of phosphorus (P2O5), and 3.2 kg of potassium (K2O) are needed to produce 100 kg of winter wheat grains. The ratio of the three is about 2.8:1:3. As the production level increases, the total absorption of N, P, and K increases accordingly.
The accumulation and distribution of nutrients in the body after absorption of nutrients in different growth periods of winter wheat mainly changes with the transfer of growth centers. The nitrogen absorbed in the seedling stage is mainly used for the establishment of vegetative organs such as tillers and leaves. From the jointing to the flowering stage, it is mainly used for the stalks and differentiated young panicles. After flowering, it mainly flows to the grain. The accumulation and distribution of phosphorus are basically similar to nitrogen, but the absorption is much smaller than nitrogen. The amount of potassium transferred to the grain is very small, and more than 80% is retained in the straw.
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