At present, many tomatoes on the market are grown in greenhouses, but many farmers have reflected that there are a lot of empty fruits in tomatoes. That is to say, there is a large cavity inside the tomato, which is a physiological disease, so why is there a tomato hollow fruit? How to prevent it?
First, the reason for the tomato hollow fruit
1, variety selection. Generally speaking, the number of medullas of early-maturing tomatoes is small, and the number of medullas of large-fruit tomato in the middle and late-maturing is large, and the tomato with a small number of ventricles is easy to form a hollow fruit. Even in the same variety, if the fruit with late flowering is present, it will easily form a hollow fruit due to insufficient nutrient supply.
2. Environmental impact. Temperature and light affect the growth and development of tomato fruit, and the fruit of dysplasia is easy to form hollow fruit.
(1) Temperature: When the temperature is low or too high, it is easy to produce hollow fruit. Over the winter and early spring, the greenhouse tomato is easy to form a hollow fruit because of the low temperature. When pollen is formed, it encounters a high temperature of 35 ° C and lasts for a long time, and it is easy to form a hollow fruit due to poor pollination and fertilization.
(2) Illumination: If the tomato encounters insufficient light after flowering and fruit setting, it will be reduced due to photosynthetic products and insufficient nutrient transport, resulting in uncoordinated growth and formation of hollow fruit.
3. Insufficient fertilizer and water. In the fruiting stage and late growth stage of tomato, if the amount of watering is less than uneven, the empty fruit will be formed due to insufficient nutrients. In addition, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer is also likely to form hollow fruit.
4. Hormone use. When using hormones such as 2,4-D or tomato spirit, it is easy to form a hollow fruit if the time of administration is too early, the concentration of the drug is too large, and the flower is repeated. Because of the fruit stimulated by hormones, the ovary expands and develops faster than the normal pollinated fruit, but the placenta is prone to dysplasia, resulting in a hollow fruit.
Second, the prevention measures of tomato hollow fruit
1. Transplant and plant at the right time. When the seedlings are planted, it is not advisable to transplant the tomato seedlings, because the roots absorb the nitrogen in the soil after the seedlings are planted, which is easy to cause the fruit to develop fast and the placenta and seeds develop slowly, thus forming a hollow fruit. In general, the seedling age of tomatoes in greenhouses in early spring is preferably 75-80 days.
2. Reasonable control of room temperature. Reasonable greenhouse light temperature is conducive to fruit development. When farmers grow wintering oysters and winter and spring stalks of tomatoes, they should adopt measures of daylighting and warming in the seedling stage and the first and second inflorescence periods to maintain the daytime temperature of 20-27 °C and nighttime 14-17 °C, avoiding below 10 °C. Low temperatures continue to appear. In the case of rainy and snowy weather, it is necessary to strengthen the heat preservation and daytime astigmatism, and receive no less than 6 hours of light and scattered light.
In addition, during the period from the seedling stage to the first inflorescence of the autumn sorghum and spring sorghum tomatoes, the ventilation, cooling, and shading of the shed should be done to avoid the harm of high temperature and strong light irradiation to fertilization, so as to promote the normal development of the placenta. .
3. Reasonable water and fertilizer management. Proper fertilizer management is conducive to the growth of the seedlings and the fullness of the fruit. It is necessary to increase the application of organic fertilizer in a timely manner and rationally apply NPK fertilizer. Generally, the initial irrigation should be less, and the amount should be increased later.
(1) Applying the base fertilizer, conditional fertilization technology can be used to rationally distribute nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to balance the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of the plant.
(2) Apply water and fertilizer in time to meet the nutritional needs of tomatoes. If there is premature aging, it is necessary to carry out foliar spray fertilizer in time.
4. Rational use of hormones. Use 2,4-D or anti-falling scented flowers. It must be used when the flowers are trumpet-shaped. If the young buds are treated prematurely, the response to hormones will be different due to the different degrees of development of the peel, placenta, and embryos, resulting in inconsistent fruit expansion speed, and it is easy to form tomato hollow fruit.
In general, when most of the flowers of each inflorescence bloom, hormones can be sprayed, the concentration of the anti-fallin is controlled at 15-25 mg/kg, and the concentration of tomato spirit is controlled at 25-40 mg/kg. When the hormone is used in the summer and autumn seasons, the spraying concentration should be reduced accordingly.
The above is the reason and prevention measures of tomato hollow fruit. If there is a large area of ​​tomato cavity fruit, it will affect the yield and quality of tomato, reduce the commerciality of tomato, and cause loss of farmers' economic income. Therefore, farmers must be on the heart. , pay attention to management, I hope the above content can help farmers.
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