Lion-headed geese are one of the largest geese in the world. The 10-week-old goslings weigh 6-7 kg and the goose weigh 5.5-6.5 kg. Lionhead geese have been breeding for more than 200 years in Chenghai. After long-term purification and breeding, they have formed a unique population of Chenghai Lionhead geese. Chenghai's breeding of lion head geese has evolved from sporadic free-range farming to large-scale rearing. In 2002, the city slaughtered 3.98 million meat and gooses with an output value of 193 million yuan. The scaled rearing method for Lionhead geese is described below. 1. Growth habits and feed characteristics of lion-headed geese Goslings grow rapidly, and the feed conversion efficiency is high. The average body weight of 4-week-old male chicks is 2.0-2.5 kg, the feed-to-meat ratio (1.5-1.6):1, and the average weight of mother-and- chicks 1.8- 2.2 kg, feed ratio (1.55 to 1.65): 1. During the brooding period, an adequate supply of nutrients should be provided to enable rapid growth of young goslings. The goslings (5-8 weeks old) have developed digestive organs, the volume of the digestive tract has gradually increased, and the crude fiber utilization rate is high. The ratio of green feed can be appropriately increased, the volume of the digestive tract can be increased, and the grazing geese can be precooked. The fattening lays the foundation, while reducing feed costs. As the age increases, so does the feed-to-meat ratio. When plumage is long and the fat of meat and geese is deposited to a certain degree, it should be marketed in due course. If you continue to raise, the appetite of the goose will decline slightly and it will be transferred to the second moult, which will cause a serious slowdown and reduce the effectiveness of meat production. The goslings have weak thermoregulatory ability and poor adaptability to the environment. Therefore, the heat preservation and humidity control during the brooding period should be strengthened. The temperature is too low, the goose's resistance to disease is reduced, it is prone to cold, it consumes a lot of energy and is not conducive to growth. If the temperature is too high, the goose will begin to sway, "sweat" and drink water. Once it is cold, it is easy to catch cold. Goslings are hi sleepy, they are crowded and frightened, so barriers (bamboo barriers) should be used to separate the geese into small cells with an area of ​​about 10 square meters to prevent geese from crushed or suffocated due to massive accumulation. . From the start of goslings, geese like to swim, swimming can promote metabolism, increase appetite, and accelerate the development of feathers. It is extremely beneficial to growth and development. Therefore, gooses should be provided with suitable sites for swimming. Lion-headed geese are easy to establish simple conditioned reflexes and have strong gregariousness and are suitable for large-scale breeding. Second, the feed and nutrition of goose Goose's fine material refers to compound feed; Green material is green feed, including ryegrass, corn grass, stipe, etc.; roughage is mainly rice husk. The main nutritional requirements for geese and feed reference formulas are shown in Tables 1 and 2. Third, the construction of the goose house and equipment installation Goose barn should generally be built in a high, flat or slightly sloped place, good drainage; there should be a clean ditch or pond nearby water sources to facilitate the geese swimming. Goose houses are generally divided into brooding houses, bred (small and medium geese) houses and sports grounds. If conditions allow, the playground can be extended to the surface. 1. The scale of the brooding house is raised. The brooding of the young geese generally adopts the online brooding method. That is, a brooding net is set up in the brooding house for brooding. The brooding house adopts a generally closed poultry house, the size of which depends on the scale of feeding, in order to facilitate the insulation, ventilation, leak-proof, and rat-proof. The net bed can be built as a single layer or it can be built into a double-layered structure. The net bed was welded to a grid using angle iron and was laid with 1.7 cm of 1.7 cm wire. The net bed is about 40-50 cm in height and 120 cm in width. The length is determined according to the feeding scale, but it is divided into 150 cm in length using barbed wire to reduce the stacking of goslings and facilitate feeding and management. The net bed is 40 to 50 centimeters from the ground, and the individual net beds can be moved independently to facilitate daily operation. Slightly sloping concrete floors are laid underneath the bed to facilitate hygiene. Table 1 Nutritional requirements for meat goose Nutrients 0 to 4 weeks 5 to 8 weeks 9 to 10 weeks Crude protein % 16 to 17 13.5 to 14.5 12.5 to 13.5 Metabolic energy MJ/kg 11.83 to 11.87 11.75 to 11.79 12.54 to 12.62 Coarse Fiber % 3.80~3.86 3.89~3.95 3.03~3.09 Calcium % 0.80~0.84 0.79~0.83 0.57~0.61 Available Phosphorus % 0.36~0.38 0.34~0.36 0.26~0.31 Table 2 Meat goose fodder reference formula raw materials 0 to 4 weeks 5~ 8 weeks 9-10 weeks feed corn (%) 60 63 75 wheat husk (%) 16.7 21.2 10.2 pods (%) 21 13.5 13 fish meal (%) 0 0 0 bone meal (%) 1.2 1.2 1 shell meal (%) 0.3 0.4 0.2 Calcium hydrogen phosphate (%) 0.6 0.5 0.4 Salt (%) 0.2 0.2 0.2 Additives Multivitamins (g/t) 200 200 200 Trace non-toxic additives (g/t) 500 500 500 Methionine (g/t) 800 500 800 Lysine (g/t) 100 1000 800 Insulation of brooders usually uses infrared light or charcoal fire. An infrared lamp can be placed above the 50 cm above the mesh surface at the splicing position of the net bed, and the lamp can be mounted on the umbrella shade or a charcoal stove can be installed on the side channel of the net bed. Setting the heat source in this way allows the gosling to feel close to the heat source when it feels cold, and away from the heat source when it feels hot. The charcoal stove should be installed with a chimney at the same time so as to facilitate the discharge of the exhaust gas produced by the combustion in time. Each net bed can hold 1 to 2 automatic drinkers, 1 to 2 fine feed troughs. Goslings within 7 days of age can be woven on a gauze to facilitate the feeding of goslings. 2. The construction of breeding houses adopts open and simple poultry houses, which are generally connected with sports grounds. The building area of ​​the poultry house depends on the size of the rearing (depending on the rearing density), but it is necessary to use a 60 cm high bamboo fence to horizontally divide the goose house into a small partition of about 10 square meters, reducing the geese running or squeezing everywhere. . Goose house built into concrete floor. The stadium can be partly shaded or planted with shading nets, which will help cool the sunstroke. The amount and location of the troughs are not crowded at the same time as the geese are eating. Fourth, brooding management 1. Temperature and humidity into the brooding room before the temperature should be raised to 30 °C, the first week brooding temperature of 30 ~ 32 °C, after the weekly temperature drop of 2 ~ 3 °C until it is reduced to about 20 °C Room temperature management. In order to keep the goslings at a stable temperature, the sacks can be used around the net bed or at the top to keep warm; the sacks can also be laid on the surface of the net for geese to rest, but be careful to change the litter to prevent moisture. The water content of the goslings in the body is accompanied by a large number of breaths. The remaining egg yolks in the abdomen are poorly absorbed. Excessive drinking water is prone to diarrhea, so the humidity should be maintained at 60% to 70%. After 10 days of age, weight gain, respiration and excretion are also increased, and the brooding house is easily wet. The humidity should be controlled at 55% to 60%. When the geese squeaked and squeezed together, they said that the temperature was too low; when the geese sounded cluttered and raised their heads, the temperature was too high. The optimum temperature state is that the geese rest evenly on the net bed. When measuring temperature, the thermometer should be in the same level as the mesh surface. The adjustment of temperature and humidity is generally achieved through the heat source and opening and closing doors and windows. 2. Feeding density: 15 to 20 mesh/m2 mesh surface within 15 days of age, and 10 mesh/m2 mesh surface at 15 to 30 days old. 3. Drinking Water and Feeding Goslings drink water freely. The first drinking water should be assisted manually only half an hour after goslings go online. Vitamins are often added to water to promote the metabolism of the goose body. After 6 hours of surfing the Internet began to adjust food materials, use light red plastic cloth to spread on the Internet, spread the feed on top, and lure geese to feed. The number of feedings decreased from 6 to 7 times a day to 3 times a day at the time of transfer. The whole brooding period is dominated by concentrated material, supplemented by green materials, but the amount of chopped green material should be increased in the first 7 days to prevent the water loss of the goslings. 4. Ventilation ventilation and off-grid training Ventilation ventilation can be carried out at high temperatures at noon, pay attention to temperature changes in the house must be controlled within the range of 2 ~ 3 °C, to prevent cold goose, combined with clean and hygienic. Goslings are raised to about 20 days, outside the house is warm and can be exercised outdoor. It usually starts at noon in the first 2 days, and then expands to live on the ground during the day and goes online at night. Exercise in the ground plays a significant role in improving the adaptability of goslings. Goslings are generally brooded for 25 to 28 days and can be transferred to breeding houses. V. Rearing and management in the rearing stage 1. Daily management Goslings can be outdoors all day. If there is enough sunlight, gooses can swim freely and return to their homes in the evening. In case of low temperatures in winter and spring, goslings 25 to 35 days old need to be insulated with infrared lamps so that the temperature within the house is controlled at about 20°C. After 35 days, the goslings' body temperature regulation ability was enhanced. At night, the doors and windows were well controlled and ventilation was maintained. The air flow should not be too fast. Check the geese regularly to make the geese evenly distributed and avoid crushing. 5-8 weeks old bred goslings stocking density 10 / square meters, 9-10 weeks old goslings stocking density 6-8 / square meter. 2. Feeding management In order to facilitate the management and reduce the geese crowded, generally 400 individuals can be managed separately. After 30 days of age, the growth and development of geese is still very fast, and the digestive organs are developed. The utilization of green roughage is strong, and the feeding amount of green roughage can be increased and the feed cost can be reduced. 30 to 50 days of age is also a period of long bones of the goose. Through rough feeding, the goose body is enlarged, laying a good foundation for later fattening. From 25 to 30 days old, 20% of rice hulls can be added to the concentrate (by the total volume ratio). 30% of the rice hulls can be added from 30 to 40 days, and 40% of rice hulls can be added from 40 to 55 days. Feed 30 times on the 30th to the 55th day and it is advisable to eat basic food each time. Breeding should achieve: Goose is only strong, moderate body size, empty abdomen, large body, strong appetite, feathers clean and shiny. If the lower abdomen is full and fat is deposited more, the amount of coarse material should be increased to reduce fat deposition; if the appetite is decreased, the amount of green material should be increased to promote appetite. The 55-day-old geese enter the fattening period. During this period, the proportion of energy in the feed should be increased, so that the geese can rapidly deposit fat, increase body weight, improve the economic efficiency of feeding, and at the same time improve the flavor of the meat (more fat content among muscle fibers, tender texture, and taste Delicious). Only 30% of the rice husk was added to the concentrate, and the amount of green material was sufficient to maintain the appetite of the goose. 6. Disease prevention and control of lionhead geese is more resistant than other birds. Common diseases include gosling plague, colibacillosis, duck plague, pasteurellosis and so on. The commonly used immunization procedure is: 1 ml of gosling quail egg yolk antibody injected at the 1st day of age (maternal antibody may not be injected); 1 to 2 days of 7 to 10 days old injection of live geese attenuated vaccine; 15 to 20 days of age E. coli and Pasteurella inactivated bacterin were injected; 28 to 30 days of injection were used to vaccinate 20 to 25 attenuated live duck plague vaccines. (Author: Lin Weijie, Agriculture Bureau, Chenghai District, Shantou City, Guangdong Province)
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