First, the symptoms of disease:
The umbilical (top) of the fruit is cracked and the seeds are exposed. Symptoms begin when the petals and pistils of the fruit set in the early stages of tomato fruiting are present, and the pupae show a scar in the base of the pistil. After the remaining petal and pistil fall off, the fruit umbilicus undergoes a slight corky cracking. With the development of the disease, the cracks increase, hollows are formed, the seeds on the inner placenta of the fruit are exposed, and the quality of the fruit is reduced. When the disease is severe, the top cracking fruit is often associated with zipper fruit, and the fruit umbilicus and its surrounding pericarp are dehiscent and divided into several petal. The placental tissue and the seed are valgused and exposed with the peel, and the umbilical portion of the fruit is like the palm surface of the cat claw. More severely, near the time of ripening, the fruit's umbilicus separates like a flowering hoe or lotus flower. It is seven-fold and fissure. Embryonic tissues and seeds are exposed, and the shape is ugly, losing their food value.
Second, the reasons
1, seedling period (2-7 true leaves) night temperature is too low. The appearance of malformed fruit, the fundamental problem in the initial formation of tomato flower buds, is the flower bud differentiation period. The flower bud differentiation of the 1st to 3rd ear of tomato is generally completed when 2-7 true leaves are present. The low night temperature at this stage easily allows the photosynthetic product to accumulate more to the growing point of differentiation, resulting in the differentiation of multiple chambers. Malformed flowers. In particular, when the night temperature is below 8°C for a long time, a large number of malformed flowers will appear, and after that, it will develop into a deformed fruit. These malformed flowers are easily identified at flowering and are characterized as bean-shaped, flat ovary, thick-flowered, and many petals.
2, calcium, boron deficiency. In flower bud development, flowering and young fruit expansion process, inadequate supply of calcium and boron or partial application of ammonium nitrogen and potassium fertilizers cause physiological calcium deficiency, resulting in poor flower development, poor fruit cells, and exacerbated the top crack of the fruit.
3, flower hormone concentration is too large. The concentration of hormones used to promote fruit setting is large, and the force that promotes fruit development is large, so that the light-toothed person of the fruit has a pointed tip and a large umbilicus, and in severe cases, the young fruit cracks and leaks seed and loses the commodity value.
For the above three reasons, the low night temperature at the seedling stage (2-7 true leaves) is the root cause. Calcium and boron deficiency may exacerbate the top cracking, while excessive flower hormone concentration is the most important factor causing artificial cracking of the outside. .
Third, prevention and control measures
Tomato top lychee physiological disease. The main reason is due to the low night temperature during flower bud differentiation. With the increase of temperature, the occurrence of the disease will be significantly reduced. At present, it has entered the end of April. In production, the following are mainly done:
1, early removal of the top cracking fruit, picking small, early picking, reduce nutrient consumption.
2, to strengthen the follow-up flowering fruit temperature management. On the one hand, the flower bud differentiation period night temperature should not be lower than 12 °C for a long time. On the other hand, it is also necessary to prevent the partial application of nitrogenous fertilizer and make the plants long.
3, pay attention to calcium and boron. One is calcium supplementation. In addition to the base fertilizer applied calcium phosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the focus should be on the leaf calcium. The amino acid calcium (chelated calcium) was sprayed every 10-15 days from the seedling stage until the last fruit of the ear. You can also spray goat's milk, milk, soy milk and other natural amino acid calcium fertilizer, spray the concentration of 300 times. The second is to make up for boron. Foliar sprayed with 0.1-0.2% borax solution or 1500 times the boron boron fertilizer, spraying every 5-7 days 1, spray 3-4 times.
4, scientific use of flowers
(1) The malformed flowers are removed promptly when they are spotted. Malformed flowers are easily identified during flowering and are mainly characterized by bean-shaped, flat ovary, thick style, and many petals. In addition, there are many cases where the first order flower of the tomato is malformed. The first flower in the first order has the most malformations. If the malformed flower is found, it must be promptly removed.
(2) According to the temperature of tomato growing environment in the dispensing. Different temperature points for the use of drugs for the concentration of a great difference, must be based on the point of the temperature at the time to adjust the concentration, do not be afraid to use one with the end.
(3) Have a good grasp of time. Each flower is best when it is half-open until it is fully opened. It is easy to form stale fruit and empty fruit after the flowers are not opened and opened. At the same time, it is generally more appropriate to choose a sunny, sunny day in the afternoon.
(4) Do a good job of marking the flowers. Do not repeat the drugs and do a good job of water and fertilizer management.
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