First, the appropriate varieties should be selected Jin Za 1, Jin Za 2nd, Bichun, Zaofeng No. 1 and other low-temperature resistance, low light resistance, low melon parts, melon yards dense, back more than melons, early-maturing disease-resistant varieties.
Second, the cultivation of strong cucumber seedlings in early spring greenhouse cultivation is early harvesting, seedling age can be appropriately extended, generally about 45 days, with 4-5 true leaves, leaf hypertrophy, dark green leaves, robust and disease-free seedlings good. Different cucumber varieties have different seedling ages, and Jinza 1, 2 can be 30-35 days. In order to improve the resistance of seedlings, the seedlings should be soothed as soon as possible to facilitate early maturation and high yield. During the week before planting, the temperature of the seedbed should be properly lowered to carry out the low-temperature exercise. During the day, the temperature should be controlled at 20-23°C and 5-8°C for a short time, which can significantly increase the cold resistance of the seedlings, and be easy for seedlings after planting.
Third, the appropriate colonization
1, colonization period. When the minimum temperature in the greenhouse is 1 hour after sunrise, soil temperature above 10°C at a depth of 10 cm, temperature of 8°C, and short-term severe weather temperature of not less than 4-5°C can be planted. The planting period from the beginning of the month to mid-April, the specific planting period of each place can be determined according to local conditions.
2, rational close planting. The cultivation density differs depending on the cultivation method and variety. In order to make full use of the land in the early stage of the greenhouse, in order to make full use of the land in the early stage of the greenhouse, the main plant and the deputy plant were planted on a 1- and 1-m wide plant. The distance between the main plant was 17-20 cm, the plant spacing was 40 cm, and the plant left 10 leaves topping. After picking 2-3 pieces of melon, it will increase the yield in the previous period. 5000-6000 strains per acre were planted in double lines, with a spacing of 20-25 cm and 4500 seedlings per mu.
3, planting methods. The plant was planted with a submerged film under the dark irrigation method. After the planting, plastic drip irrigation pipes were placed between the two rows of plants. The plastic film was placed on the diaphragm and the water was drained. The water flowed into the soil around the rhizosphere of the cucumber and satisfied the plant water requirement. It will not reduce the ground temperature due to watering, and the amount of watering can be easily controlled.
IV. Management after planting
1, temperature and humidity control. In greenhouses, when cucumbers are planted, the ambient temperature is still low and vulnerable to cold currents. The cold insulation work should be strengthened. After the planting, the greenhouse door shall be sealed tightly to prevent the intrusion of cold wind, and a multi-layer covering insulation shall be carried out. The greenhouse shall be surrounded by haystacks; the greenhouse shall be sealed for about 7 days after the planting, and the heat preservation and moisturizing shall promote the slow seedlings; Insulation is still the main, the daytime temperature of 24-28 °C, the night temperature as much as possible to maintain about 15 °C, the minimum can not be less than 10 °C; with the increase in temperature, ventilation should be available during the day when the shed temperature is higher than 25 °C Appropriate to put the top wind, gradually from small to large, through the size of the air outlet and the length of time to control the amount of air release; if the night temperature is higher than 15 °C, we must increase the air volume, to maintain a large temperature difference between day and night, in order to facilitate disease prevention and yield increase . The principle of air release should grasp the first small after the big, first middle and back, that is, put the middle of the first sewing when the wind, put the wind, the first place in the morning to the west, after the east. In the afternoon, when closing the tuyere, close the west side and the east side of Houguan. Generally after 3 pm, the temperature in the shed gradually decreased. In addition to closing the air outlet, when the temperature of the shed fell to 20°C, the skirts were lapped around to facilitate thermal insulation. The results show that the spring greenhouse cucumbers have a prosperous period, and the outside temperature gradually increases, which is conducive to the growth and development of cucumbers, but it is easy to produce high-temperature hazards. At this time, the daytime temperature should be maintained at 25-30°C and the night temperature is 13-18°C. The ground temperature requires 22- 24°C during the day, about 20°C in the middle of the night, and it is advisable to keep 17-18°C in the middle of the night until the early morning of the next day. In order to reduce the ground temperature, well water can be fed in the evening to reduce the ground temperature by 5-7°C.
2, watering fertilizer. After planting water by pouring enough water, when the seedlings are slowly growing and growing hair roots, they will be poured with water for a short period of time, and then watering will be suspended to strengthen the cultivator and promote new roots. When the roots of the melons became thicker and longer, they chose top-dressing and watering on a sunny day. As the shed covers the ground film, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be reduced appropriately, and in combination with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. It is best to top 20 kg of diammonium phosphate each time, or about 25 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium large-particle compound fertilizer. The guaranty period requires the fertilizer to be poured and the water and the fertilizer water alternate. Foliage topdressing, generally carried out at 3:00 pm on sunny days, mainly include: gutting period once a week to the back of the leaf to spray sugar urine, spray a total of 4 to 5 times. Sugar and urine for urea and sugar each 0.6 kg dissolved in 100 kg of water, in addition to the supply of plant growth, but also can effectively control the occurrence of downy mildew. Each acre with 1-2 (5-10 ml) leaf noodles or spray water 50-100 kg sprayed on the back of the leaves, 15 days once, valid for 15 days, but also have a good effect of increasing production.
3, plant adjustments. After the seedlings have 6-7 leaves, the plants are easy to fall down, and it is necessary to insert racks or slings. Multi-purpose racks with a single row trapezoidal frame, less use of rods, plug racks convenient, labor-saving, can be a single trip melons on the shelves, but also a double row of melon vines on a frame. Generally, a pole is inserted every 1.5-2 meters, and the crossbar and the pole are tightly tied.
4, timely harvest. The cultivation of spring cucumber greenhouses is mainly aimed at early maturing, and the previous crop yield is crucial for relieving the spring and improving economic efficiency. The result should be harvested once in 1-2 days. It should be carefully checked to avoid late harvest and affect quality. It is best to be carried out early in the morning to keep the melons fresh.
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