Greenhouse tomato continuous crop gift watermelon

After the harvest of the greenhouse tomato, the new model of continuous production of the watermelon using the greenhouse sheds great success and good economic benefits in our country. This model can make full use of land, save investment, and increase the multiple cropping index. It is an effective way to increase income, and therefore it has been welcomed by a large number of farmers. The key technologies of this model are described as follows:

First, the choice of soil and land

Tomatoes and watermelons are both relatively fat-consuming crops. Therefore, it is necessary to choose a plot (paddy field) with deep soil, loose fertility, high topography, and the ability to conduct paddy-upland rotation and irrigation and drainage.

Second, greenhouse cultivation technology

1. The shed is constructed with a height of 3.1 meters and an edge height of 2.5 meters. The length and width can be determined by the terrain of the field. The width is generally 11 meters (8 feet) or 8 meters (6 feet). At the same time, a small shed is pre-set in the greenhouse and used for insulation when cold waves (below 0°C) are encountered.

2. Selection of seedlings

1 Select germination. Should choose low temperature resistance, low light resistance, disease resistance, high yield, high quality medium and early maturing varieties, such as cooperation 903 tomato. Seed disinfection before sowing to prevent seed bacteria; after the seed treatment, placed on the germination treatment at 25 °C, when 80% of the seeds can be sown when exposed. The sowing time depends on the previous crop of the selected plot, generally from mid-October to early November.

2 Breeding strong seedlings. Do the seedbed, apply the base fertilizer into organic fertilizer and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and sterilize the seedbed. When live seedlings were used, seedlings were planted when the seedlings grew 2 to 3 leaves, and the spacing between the rows was 8 cm and 10 cm. At the same time, water and fertilizer management was strengthened. When the seedling grows 5 to 6 leaves when transplanting, seedling age is controlled in about 25 days.

3. Soil fertigation and transplanting tomato require more nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the growth process. Only by applying sufficient fertilizer can the fruit setting rate be increased, fruit growth can be promoted, empty fruit can be reduced, and high yield and quality can be achieved. Basing on basal fertilization is a good basis for double cropping up. Basal fertilizer is generally about 500 kg of organic fertilizer in Mushi, 100 kg of calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizers, 50 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, and 30 to 50 kg of potassium sulfate. After the fertilizer is applied, the whole plant shall be smashed. The pot shall be 90 centimeters wide, 40 centimeters wide and covered with a plastic film. The planting time is from mid-November to early December, with two rows per plant. The row spacing is 30 centimeters and 45 centimeters, and about 3000 clusters per acre are planted. Pour well rooted water after planting to ensure survival.

4. Irrigation and top dressing 3~5 days after the planting of seedlings. Before the first fruit of the tomato is stable, the cultivation technique of the watermelon in the solar greenhouse is mainly vegetative growth. In addition to watering the planting water and easing seedlings, it is generally no longer used for watering and dressing. In case of special weather conditions, it can be determined by seedlings. When the first fruit is stable, combine 25 to 30 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per acre. The second and third ear fruit rapidly swelled and chased 2 to 3 times of fertilizer, each time applying 20 to 25 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per acre. After the fruit begins to expand, it is also possible to use 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 3 to 4 times foliar dressing, which can not only prevent disease, but also promote fruit development and increase tomato yield and quality.

5. There are three kinds of single-stalk, double-stem and main-stem culms for plant adjustment and pruning. The single-stem twigs are mostly used for the protection cultivation. When the pruning is done, the lateral and lateral shoots should be removed. When the fruit grows to 3-4 layers, it will be picked up. The scaffolding and binding time should not be too early, so as to avoid the inconvenience of pastoral management. Generally, the first inflorescence of the plant expands and the second inflorescence blooms. Due to the lower temperature of the flowering of the tomato and the low fruit setting rate, the artificial flower stalk treatment is performed by adopting a fruit set, a tomato spirit, etc. to prevent flowering and fruit drop, and to increase the fruit setting rate. The fruit should be shredded in time, with 3 to 5 good fruit per panicle, and 3 to 4 fruit toppings per plant.

6. Pest control

1 disease. There are mainly leafy mildew, gray mold, early blight, late blight and virus diseases, gray mold and leaf mildew can be sprayed with 50% thiophanate-methyl WP 500 times; 95% sulfuric acid can be used for early and late blight. Copper 1000 times solution, or 25% metalaxyl WP 800 to 1000 times, spray about 7 days for control.

2 Insect pests. There are mainly locusts, whiteflies and leaf miners, and the locusts can be sprayed with 10% imidacloprid WP 1000 times; whiteflies can be used 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granules 2000~3000 times or 1000 times buprofezin EC. Liquid spray control.

7. Harvest When the fruit reaches 8-9 maturity, it will be picked in time, 1 will be picked for maturity, and picking shall be carried out in the morning. The whole growth period of tomato is controlled at 180 days, and the average mu yield can reach more than 6000 kg.

Third, continuous crop watermelon gift cultivation technology

1. The control of tomato production before soil preparation and fertilization is completed from the end of May to the beginning of June, and then the plant stalks, branches and weeds in the garden are removed, and the greenhouse film and the plastic film are removed. At the same time, cultivating soil under the base fertilizer, apply 50 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per acre deep hole.

2. Choose seedling varieties to choose varieties with high disease-resistance, beautiful appearance, excellent quality and suitable for local planting, such as Heibao and Black Knight. Seedling sowing time is selected in the middle and late June, the use of nutrition cup nursery, nutritious soil to smash and mix some calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. Each seed sowing 1 cup, centralized management. Seedlings can be transplanted when the seedlings grow to 2 leaves, 1 heart, and 10 to 15 days of age.

3. Planting and pruning The plants were transplanted from late June to early July and planted in a single row. The plant spacing was 50 centimeters, and about 1000 acres were planted. Take three vine pruning: When the seedlings grow 4 leaves when the picking heart, cultivating 3 vines, with 2 vines as a result of vines, a vine to do nutrient growth branches. The brackets use the original tomato bracket and should be shaped as a “person” shaped frame. When the melon vines are 40 to 60 centimeters in length, the vines are successively added to the vines, and then the vines are introduced once every 30 to 40 centimeters, and the vines are evenly tied to the shelves. On the poles and crossbars.

4. Select melons, gourd, melons, and melons to keep melons from the 12th to 15th sections of the vine. Each of the 3 main vines only selects 2 of the 2 strong main vines, and each vine has 1 melon. 1 vine to make vegetative branches. When the young melon weighs about 0.5 kg, the melons are smashed. The cause and effect type is small, and the melon shank is fixed on the bracket with a plastic belt.

5. Fertilizer and water management In the strengthening of water management at the same time, before sitting on the melon to control fertilizer and water to prevent leggy, depending on seedling growth may be determined, generally in the melon vine when applied on a fertilizer, Mushi potassium sulfate fertilizer 50 kg. After sitting on melon to promote fat, water and fertilizer to promote fruit enlargement, the amount of fertilizer should be appropriate, strong fruit fertilizer Mushi 50 ~ 60 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer.

6. Diseases and pests The main pests and diseases are virus disease, powdery mildew, anthrax and aphids, whitefly, leafminer, and so on. They should be prevented. Two to three prophylactic drugs should be given before sitting on the melon. If pests and diseases occur, they should be promptly treated with pesticides. Usually, spray once every 7 to 10 days and spray 2 or 3 times continuously.

7. Harvesting should be carried out in the early morning or early evening after the opening of reserved female flowers and the ripening of melons in about 35 days. Gift watermelon from the sowing to mature full growth period of 70 to 80 days, mu yield up to 3,000 kg or more.

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