There are eight main diseases and eight insect pests in Hebei province. The eight diseases were gluten, rust, white, nematode, sheath blight, brown stripe, virus disease, head smut; the eight pests were millet slime, millet flies, millet fleas, and corn pods. , armyworm, cockroach, cockroach, red spider. For these pests, the hazards can be effectively controlled by selecting disease-resistant varieties, strengthening field management, doing a good job of seed processing, and grasping strategies for prevention and control in key periods.
1. Select resistant varieties and strengthen field management. The selection of disease-resistant varieties is the most economical and effective measure, especially for airborne epidemics such as gluten and grain rust. At the same time, the application of base fertilizer, cultivation of strong seedlings, and application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can effectively increase the disease resistance of the seedlings. The treatment of weeds around the field before sowing reduces the habitats of pests such as Laodelphax striatellus, acarids, and other pests, which can effectively reduce the risk of viral disease and seedling pests. At the same time, after emergence, attention should be paid to the timely removal of diseased plants in the field to prevent the spread of germs.
2. Do seed treatment. White-borne diseases, smut, nematode disease, sheath blight and other species or soil-borne diseases, and millet-negative insects, millet-sweet beetles, millet flies, cockroaches, cockroaches, and other seedling pests are caused by deficient seedlings and ridges. The main reason for the large-scale reduction in production in the later period. It is the most economical and effective measure to prevent and treat these diseases and pests by doing seed treatment according to the types of pests and diseases.
White disease can be used 35% metalaxyl wettable powder 0.3% seed weight seed dressing; nematode disease can be used 0.3% seed weight of 30% acephate or 0.2% 50% phoxim EC seed dressing, need to boring 4 hours, is the key to killing nematodes, and then air dry sowing; smut can be used 80% carbendazim WP by seed weight of 0.3% seed dressing, and prevent sheath blight. The Chungku District, where the heavy burden of slime worms is heavy, can be seeded with 70% imidacloprid with a seed weight of 0.3%. It is also at the same time the damage to the locusts, maggots, millet fleas Diseases and other viral diseases have a good preventive effect. The above seed dressings can be mixed with various pesticides according to the major pests and diseases in different parts of the country. However, they must be mastered when dressing seedlings. First, mix liquids such as emulsifiable concentrates and then mix the powders so as to achieve the purpose of mixing and preventing.
3. Grasp the control of the critical period. For areas with heavy viral diseases such as red leaf disease and dwarf diseases, all fields should be sprayed with 1.8% avermectin EC 2000 times and 4.5% beta-cypermethrin EC 1000 times before seedling. , killing the mediators of Laodelphax striatellus and aphids, and can also treat red spiders. For pests with fulminant hazards such as glutinous diseases, grain rust, and sticky worms, early prevention must be done. The area with gluten disease can be sprayed 1-2 times with 40% rice bran oil 1000 times solution or 20% tricyclazole WP 1000 times before the ridging of millet. It can be sprayed once before jointing and before heading. At the same time, it can add 72% of agricultural streptomycin 4000 times solution and 4.5% of high efficiency cypermethrin EC 1000 times solution for mixed spraying, which can prevent brown stripe disease and corn borer, armyworm, and mimos .
In addition, in the area of ​​white incidence, smut, and re-emergence of nematode disease, treatment of field diseased plants is the key to clean production and prevention of damage in the coming year. In particular, for the current large-scale planting plots, early removal of white-disease plants and deep processing of smut and nematode diseases must be performed.
About the author: Dong Li, associate researcher, deputy director of Plant Protection Office of the Institute of Millet, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, is mainly engaged in research on comprehensive prevention and control technology of millet diseases and pests. Since taking part in the work, he has obtained 9 scientific and technological achievements, published more than 30 papers at various levels of publications, edited 1 book, edited 3 books, and trained 2 textbooks, and obtained 1 software copyright and 2 national patents.
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