Climate conditions such as temperature, light, rain, etc., not only directly affect the absorption and assimilation of nutrients by crops, but also affect the conversion and preservation of nutrients in the soil. In order to reduce the cost of fertilizer input, scientific fertilization according to the law of climate change, improve fertilization efficiency, is one of the effective measures to save costs and increase efficiency.
illumination
Light affects photosynthesis and the absorption and utilization of nutrients by crops. In years and areas with sufficient sunshine, the amount of fertilizer can be appropriately increased to better exert the effect of increasing fertilizer production. In the case of insufficient light, nitrogen fertilizer should be properly controlled and potassium fertilizer should be added to improve the utilization of light energy by crops. Under conditions of insufficient light, multiple nitrogen application, and potassium deficiency, crops tend to grow up and infect pests and diseases.
temperature
Temperature has a greater impact on fertilization efficiency. Generally, at 0 °C ~ 32 °C, the higher the temperature, the faster the decomposition and transformation of soil organic matter, and the stronger the ability of crops to absorb nutrients. Too high or too low temperature will restrict the absorption and utilization of fertilizer by crops.
Therefore, according to the fertility characteristics of the crop, choose the appropriate fertilization temperature. For example, the suitable temperature for rice topdressing is 30 °C ~ 32 °C, the suitable temperature for corn topdressing is 25 °C ~ 30 °C, and the suitable temperature for cotton topdressing is 28 °C ~ 30 °C. In order to prevent the fermentation of fertilizers, the high temperature season should be selected in the morning and evening when the temperature is low.
In the hot season, nutrients are easily decomposed, and organic fertilizers that are not yet decomposed can be applied. Fertilizers should be applied deep to prevent volatilization; in the low temperature season, fully decomposed organic fertilizers should be applied. Fertilizers should be applied shallowly and applied near the roots of crops. In winter, wheat and rapeseed can be fertilized, such as pond mud, grass ash, old wall soil and other warm fertilizers. In addition, the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be increased to enhance the cold resistance of crops.
The temperature of the crop is different for the fertilizer. For example, at low temperature, the nutrition of ammonium nitrogen is better than that of nitrate nitrogen in the growth and development of barley and wheat. When the soil temperature is high, the nutrient effect of nitrate nitrogen is better than that of ammonium nitrogen. Therefore, winter crop topdressing should be applied to fertilizers such as ammonium bicarbonate and ammonia; the temperature rises after spring, and corn and other crops are better than topdressing ammonium nitrate.
rainwater
Fertilizer nutrients can be absorbed and utilized by crops when dissolved in water. Fertilizers are difficult to function when the weather is dry, but rainwater or irrigation is too large to cause soil nutrient loss. In the case of long-term water accumulation, harmful substances are also produced, causing rotten roots. Therefore, it is not advisable to fertilize on rainy days, especially in the case of fertilizers that are highly volatile, such as ammonium bicarbonate. Fertilization on a sunny day depends on the soil sensation, and the sensation is good. The fertilizer can be applied more or more. Otherwise, it should be diluted and less, so as not to cause fat damage.
If it is prolonged for a long time, it should be fertilized first, then applied while pouring, or poured with a certain concentration of fertilizer water (such as Qingshui water, etc.). Rain water, more slow-acting fertilizer, especially in rainy places, should be staged topdressing, fertilizer should be less, and diligent. If there is less rain, you can sprinkle seeds in the sowing ditch, cover the wet soil, and apply the manure cover to cover the soil.
According to the experience summarized in various places, the absorption and utilization of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in winter crops is relatively high. Appropriate application of phosphate fertilizer or potash fertilizer can not only improve the utilization of soil moisture, but also play a role in phosphorus and nitrogen. When entering the rainy season, if the nitrogen fertilizer is applied, not only will the nitrogen fertilizer be lost, but also the crop will grow, leading to crop lodging, and pests and diseases will be induced, resulting in reduced production.
Into the volts, there are more heavy rains. Some cotton farmers often go to the cotton fields to apply urea during the rainstorm. As a result, the larger the application rate, the more severe the cotton wilting after the rain, and some cotton even die.
Therefore, when fertilizing in the season with a lot of rainfall, one should pay attention to the division of fertilization, and the second method should be taken by ditching or acupuncture. Fertilization of crops on rainy days should also pay attention to the adjustment of fertilizer structure, such as urea, potassium fertilizer, etc., when dissolved in water, it is easy to cause fertilizer loss, and more nutrients and organic fertilizers that are not easy to lose water.
In the fertilization, we must pay attention to climate change, try to avoid showers and heavy rains, and pay attention to small quantities to reduce losses and ensure fertilizer efficiency. When the temperature is high and dry, more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied to improve the utilization of soil moisture. In the dry years, rapeseed is prone to boron deficiency, vegetables (cabbage, radish, etc.) are prone to calcium deficiency, and attention should be paid to the use of boron fertilizer and calcium fertilizer. In the rainy season, it is easy to cause the loss of effective iron in the soil. Fruit trees often have iron deficiency, and attention should be paid to iron supplementation.
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