Apostichopus japonicus is a marine echinoderms that live 8,000 meters from the seashore to the bottom of the sea, feeding on seabed algae and plankton. When summer comes, the upper seawater rises due to strong sunlight. At this time, the small creatures on the seabed float to the surface of the sea for a large amount of food and breeding every year. The sea cucumbers that remain on the seabed are forced to break into summer and enter summer sleep. At this time, the basal metabolic rate is significantly reduced, the oxygen consumption and ammonia nitrogen excretion rate are reduced, and even seriously degraded into a very small intestinal fiber.
The role of MiRNAs in the regulation of low-metabolism genes is an emerging hot spot. In order to determine whether miRNAs have a regulatory effect on the summer sleep process of sea cucumber, the team led by Dr. Chen Muyan from Ocean University of China and the research team of Lianchuan Biotech have jointly conducted in-depth research on miRNAs during the summer sleep of sea cucumber. The research results were published in the October issue. On the PLoS ONE .
The researchers collected samples of sea cucumbers that had been in deep sleep for at least 15 consecutive days, and used non-summer sea cucumbers that had resumed activity after summers as a control sample. Later, the researchers used Solexa deep sequencing technology to analyze the expression profile of miRNAs in sea cucumber. The results identified a total of 308 sea cucumber miRNAs, including 18 new sea cucumber-specific miRNAs. Among them, 42 miRNAs have different expression in the summer stage of sea cucumber, the most prominent miRNAs, including miR-200-3p, miR-2004, miR-2010, miR-22, miR-252a, miR-252a-3p and miR- 92. There is significant overexpression in summer sleep compared with non-summer sleep phase. Differentially expressed miRNAs were validated by miRNA microarrays and RT-RCR ( miRNA chip services were performed by Lianchuan Bio ). Through the predicted miRNA target genes and GO analysis, these miRNAs play an important role in the inhibition of total transcription level and cell differentiation in the summer sleep stage of sea cucumber.
*Chen M, Zhang X, Liu J, Storey KB. (2013) Â High-Throughput Sequencing Reveals Differential Expression of miRNAs in Intestine from Sea Cucumber during Aestivation. Â PLoS ONE 15;8(10):e76120.[abstract]
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