Non-pollution meat sheep production is mainly scientifically managed in various aspects such as introduction, breeding, and environment. By introducing high-quality varieties, creating a good breeding environment, feeding high-quality feed, prohibiting the use of prohibited substances, and reducing the use of veterinary drugs, etc., the quality of meat sheep products can thus be improved. The level of safety has been improved, and at the same time, the competitiveness of the market has been enhanced, and the economic benefits of raising sheep have been greatly improved.
Site selection and planning
Land for sheep farms requires a flat, high dry land, a sunny leeward, well-drained water, sufficient water resources, and water quality that meets the requirements of “non-polluted food, livestock and poultry drinking water qualityâ€. Soil quality should be selected from sandy soils with low thermal conductivity and hygroscopicity, good water permeability, uniform texture, and strong pressure resistance. There is no source of pollution within 3 km around the sheep farm. The sheep site is conveniently located but requires more than 1 kilometer from residential areas, public places, trunk roads and railways.
The living area and office are built in the upwind direction of the sheep farm, and the production area is in the downwind or sidewind direction of the management area. The sheep house is in the upwind direction in the production area, and the dead sheep treatment area, the sewage manure treatment facilities and the isolation house are in the downwind direction of the production area. The distance between the forage storage and the sheep house is required to maintain a certain distance, which is convenient for transportation and fire prevention. The sewage and the clean road are separated from each other and do not cross each other. According to the sheep's gender, growth stage design sheep house.
Weaning lamb sheep house area of ​​0.2 square meters to 0.4 square meters. The ewes range from 1.5 square meters to 2 square meters. Adult rams range from 4 m2 to 6 m2. Other sheep are 0.7 square meters to 1 square meters. The area of ​​the playground is generally 1.5 to 3 times the area of ​​the sheep house. According to the local climate characteristics, choose the appropriate type of sheep house, such as rectangular sheep house, plastic greenhouse sheds and building-style sheep house. Rectangular sheep houses are divided into closed double slope type, semi-open double slope type, open and semi-open combination type. Sheep farms should be equipped with feed stores, feed silage facilities, feed troughs, lamb feeding gates, grouping grids, and artificial insemination equipment.
Variety selection and introduction of sheep
Select fast-growing, high-fertility, early-maturing, and good-quality flesh sheep breeds to produce non-pollution mutton. Although China's mutton sheep breeds are of good quality, most of them grow slowly and are not suitable for meat sheep production. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce excellent foreign purebred rams and local ewes for crossbreeding, and use their descendant sheep for the production of pollution-free mutton sheep to produce high-quality mutton. At present, only the Boer goats are the only imported goat breeds in the country, and the meat breeds include Suffolk, Charolais, Texel, Dorset, Dorper sheep, and meatless merino.
When introducing sheep, strictly implement the "Regulations on the Management of Breeding of Livestock and Poultry" to ensure that they are purchased on sheep farms that meet pollution-free standards, and strictly follow the "Quarantine Technical Regulations for the Distribution of Breeding of Livestock and Poultry," and prohibit the purchase of livestock from the affected area. Sheep only.
Feed preparation
The nutrients needed for mutton sheep include dry matter, energy, protein, vitamins, and minerals. The dry matter intake of mutton sheep is generally 3% to 5% of its body weight. Meat sheep have strict requirements on the quantity and quality of crude protein. The requirements vary according to age, weight, body condition, lactation, and pregnancy. Feed must be supplemented with vitamins, especially in the body can not synthesize fat-soluble vitamins, such as vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin K and so on. The diet must ensure the content of minerals, as it is an important material for life activities and is involved in almost all physiological processes.
Feeding management
Within 2 hours to 4 hours after birth, the lamb should be allowed to eat colostrum that is rich in immune substances as soon as possible so as to enhance the body's health, increase the resistance, and at the same time promote the discharge of meconium. Before the 4th week of age, the lamb needs to obtain nutrients through breast milk. After 2 months of age, it must be supplemented. Lambs are usually weaned around the age of 3 months, and they can choose one-time weaning, batch weaning and gradual weaning depending on the growth and development of the lamb.
Breeding sheep refers to the young sheep before weaning to pre-breeding. It is in the fast growth stage and needs more nutrients. Therefore, it is necessary to choose high-quality feeds rich in protein, vitamins and minerals, and forages for feeding. . In the absence of grass, vitamin A, vitamin D, etc. should be added to feed to promote its growth and development. When the male and female ewes are close to mature, they should be bred in groups and weighed at the same time to check whether the feeding and management are reasonable and whether the growth and development are in good condition.
The breeding ewes should be raised before and during the pre-pregnancy period, especially in the later stages of gestation and pre-lactation period. Individual ewes with poor body condition should also receive short-term excellent feeding. In order to meet the rapid development of the fetus during the second trimester, the amount of veterinary cod liver oil emulsion, bone powder and protein should be increased in the diet to increase calcium and phosphorus absorption. Nursing ewes must be fed with protein-rich feed and green juicy feed. Prepare relevant work when the ewes come into production. When the ewes produce double lambs, many lambs or when delivery is difficult, artificial midwifery should be performed in time.
The rams must maintain a healthy and strong breeding condition to ensure a strong sexual desire and good semen quality. The rams must not only supply sufficient energy feed during the non-breeding period, but also pay attention to the supply of sufficient protein, vitamins, and minerals, and increase the amount of concentrate supplementation during the breeding period. It is best to supplement milk and eggs during frequent breeding.
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