Lettuce is a variant of lettuce, also known as glass lettuce or lettuce, leaves crisp and refreshing, delicate quality, high yield, good efficiency. In recent years, lettuce has gradually been accepted in the north, and its cultivation area has also been expanding.
First, the requirements of environmental conditions
1. Temperature. Lettuce for the cold lettuce, bogey heat crops, seeds can germinate above 4 °C, 15 °C -20 °C germination suitable temperature. It grows robustly at a daily average temperature of 12°C, and the optimal temperature for leaf growth is 13°C-16°C.
2. Light. Cockle lettuce is a long-day crop and requires sufficient sunlight during growth. Insufficient light can lead to irregular ball or loose ball.
3. Soil. If fertile loam soil or sandy loam soil is selected, if the soil is thin and organic fertilizers are insufficient, various physiological diseases can easily occur.
Second, cultivation technology
1. Sow. The planting period for fall cultivation is from mid-September to mid-November. It is also possible to plant seedlings in protected areas in the early spring and plant them from late April to mid-May.
2. Site preparation. Fine preparation before planting, apply base fertilizer. Planted in double rows, spacing 35 cm, plant spacing 25-30 cm, planting 4000-5000 trees, 3-4 days after planting, appropriate watering early and late every day to improve the survival rate. If you find missing plants, make up your seedlings in time.
3. Field management. The growth period of lettuce is longer and it is necessary to top-dress the crop. Usually, top dressing is applied once every 7-10 days. Thinly applied nitrogen fertilizer was applied 4-6 days after colonization to promote hair root and leaf growth. Potassium fertilizer should be added when starting to pack. Before the plant is sealed, heavy fertilizer should be applied. Apply 20 kg of compound fertilizer per mu and add 7.5 kg of potassium sulfate. Apply a shallow ditch between the two rows and cover the soil to prevent the fertilizer from contacting the roots. Planting to the beginning of the heart (rosette period) should be timely watering to keep the soil moist. Into the rosette period, strict control of water, to avoid the occurrence of diseases. During the ball period, avoid water or plant contact with water, so it is not possible to spray water or spray on the plants. You can use “Run-style†furrow irrigation or pour water between rows. Water should be controlled 15 days before harvest. The root system of lettuce is shallow and the cultivator should not be too deep so as not to damage the root system. The cultivator should be carried out before the plant is sealed. In the large-area cultivation of lettuce, the method of covering the black mulch has a good effect on cooling and moisturizing, preventing fertilizer loss and weed production.
4. Harvest. From planting to harvesting, early maturing varieties require approximately 55 days, medium maturing varieties approximately 65 days, and late maturing varieties 75-85 days. Both hands can be pressed obliquely from both sides of the leaf ball, so that the handle is not loose enough for the harvest period. When harvesting, select closely planted leaves to cut off from the ground, strip the old leaves, leave 3-4 leaves to protect the leaf, or strip all outer leaves, pack it in a single-sphere of polystyrene film, and promptly transfer it to cold storage. The compartments are shipped for sale and the suitable temperature for storage and transportation is 1°C-5°C.
For the most common waxy and sweet corn on the market, waxy corn has a higher nutrient content than regular corn, containing 70-75% starch (and almost all straight-chain starch), more than 10% protein, 4-5% fat and 2% multivitamins, with more grains, VA, VB1 and VB2 in protein than rice, with the highest fat and VB2 content. Yellow maize also contains carotenoids, such as rice and wheat. The molecular weight of waxy maize starch is more than 10 times smaller than that of ordinary maize, and the starch makes glutinous rice sticky and soft, softer than ordinary hard maize. It is more than 20% more digestible to eat than regular maize and it is suitable for people with less than perfect teeth. At the same time, it is not suitable for diabetics because of the very high content of straight-chain starch (a polysaccharide).
Waxy maize is also known as sticky maize. The grain has coarse, waxy endosperm, similar to shiny, glassy (clear) grains such as hard and dent maize. Its chemical and physical characteristics are controlled by a recessive gene, which is located on chromosome 9. 100% of the starch in the endosperm is straight-chain starch.
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