Lettuce seed collection usually adopts autumn seedling planting and early spring seedling planting. These two methods are long-term storage, seedling and transplanting, etc., with long cycle, labor and low yield.
Using the shallow-slot live seeding technique in spring, the seedlings can grow in the shallow ditch under the membrane for a period of time, instead of the wintering storage and early spring seedling transplanting, which shortens the production cycle, simplifies the seed collection process, reduces the cost, and The production is stabilized at 80-120 kg, which is 60-70% higher than that of large-plant seed production 50-70 kg, which greatly improves the economic benefits.
1. Selection of land and lettuce are self-pollinating crops. Because insects can also carry out cross-pollination, there is a certain rate of outcrossing. Therefore, there should be 300 meters of isolation between the varieties. The soil is loose, the organic matter is rich, and the sensation is good. It is convenient for drainage and well-ventilated loam; it is conducive to early pollination and sufficient pollination during flowering. After selection, 660 m 2 of succulent organic fertilizer 4000 kg, deep and evenly mixed, to be planted.
Second, timely broadcast according to the adaptability requirements of lettuce to environmental conditions, the local sowing period should be selected in the first ten days of the top seed sowing, sowing amount 20 ~ 25 g / 667 m 2, using flat and wide narrow row sowing, wide line 60 cm, narrow Line 40 cm, ditch 6~8 cm deep on both sides of the narrow row, double-grained on-demand, plant spacing 20 cm, cover 1 cm of fine soil, keep the seeding ditch 5-6 cm deep, and then cover the desert with narrow lines to ensure the seedlings are Normal growth in the seeding ditch.
Third, strengthen seedling management
1, timely release of seedlings
At the beginning of April, the emergence of lettuce and the average temperature of 5~6 °C are not suitable for the open-air growth of seedlings. The seedlings should grow into 3~4 true leaves in the seeding ditch under the membrane. When the outside temperature is stable at 10~12 °C, the seedlings should be placed in time. And compact the membrane mouth, when 5 to 6 leaves, timely seedlings, 6000 to 7000 plants per 667 m 2 seedlings.
2, cultivating weeding, cultivating strong seedlings
Lettuce shoots to the seedlings to pay attention to the soil film to prevent the weeds in the membrane, and carry out 2~3 times of cultivating in the wide row, remove the weeds, loosen the soil, facilitate the seedlings, promote root development, and cultivate strong seedlings.
3. Pest control
Lettuce pests are mainly aphids, timely spraying and control, can choose 40% omethoate 800 times liquid, 70% omethoate 1000 times liquid or 50% ddv800 times liquid and other chemicals control, late planting and sealing ridge, can significantly inhibit The occurrence of mites can be prevented without spraying.
Fourth, field management
1. Reasonable irrigation and fertilization
Lettuce enters the germination period after the seedlings are combined, applying 20 kg of urea and 1 kg of diammonium phosphate, and irrigating the first water; entering the second water in the convulsion period, and chasing 15 kg of urea; the soil is often kept moist after the flowering pollination period. Ensure the demand for water; spray 0.1kg borax solution 50kg/667m2 in the initial flowering and full bloom periods. Promote flowering pollination, control the water after the flowering period, and promote the rapid maturity of the seeds.
2, clear and bad
Before the lettuce was twitched, the characteristics of the variety were fully demonstrated, and the cleanup of the field plants was carried out. Remove the hybrid plants and the inferior strains that are obviously weakened to ensure purity.
3, disease prevention
In the middle and late stages of lettuce growth, in the case of continuous rainy weather, the field has high humidity and poor ventilation, and it is prone to diseases such as downy mildew and soft rot, which should be prevented as soon as possible. After irrigating and timely cultivating after rain, reduce the humidity in the field, remove the old leaves in the middle and lower parts of the plant, easy to ventilate and transmit light. For the diseased plants, spray control, use 50% nail cream copper 1000 times or 75% chlorothalonil 1000 times solution Spray control.
4. Picking seeds at the right time and selecting seeds
The lettuce seeds are small and the maturity of different parts of the plant varies greatly. After the fruit is ripe, the fruit is easily cracked during the day, so that the seeds are scattered in the wind, so they must be harvested in time. When the upper part of the plant is discolored, the leaves of the plant are yellow, and the white umbrella-like crown hair on the seed should be grasped in time. On the sunny day, there is dew or yin water harvesting, drying and grinding, eliminating impurities, when the seed water content reaches 70%. It can be packaged and stored.
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