(1) Reasons for wheat machinery harvest loss
1, stem loss of grain
After the crops pass through the threshing device of the combine harvester, some of the heads are not removed or uncleaned, or accompanied by varying degrees of residual kernels with the stems. The main reasons for this loss are:
(1) The drum speed is too low;
(2) The roller gap is too large;
(3) The working speed of the harvesting unit is too fast, and the threshing device is overloaded;
(4) The nail teeth are used for a long time and the wear is serious;
(5) The crop is wet or excessive;
2, loss of grain loss
That is, during the harvesting process, the grain is leaked to the ground from the closed cover of the combine harvester, the inspection port, and the like, and the wall damage and rust holes. The main reasons for this loss are:
(1) The model is outdated and in poor condition;
(2) The plugging is not thorough and the adjustment is improper;
(3) The original machine design is not suitable for the current high wheat production needs;
(4) The most serious place to leak is the spare pocket under the particle conveyor belt. If it is not required to fall down, it will be filled with self-overflow; some of the debris collectors will be closed and not tightly closed.
3, header loss
That is, after harvesting, the residual wheat ears, grains, etc. left on the ground are called the header loss. The main reasons for this loss are:
(1) The height of the harvesting platform is improperly adjusted and the cutting height is high; due to the influence of climatic conditions, the height of the wheat varies, so the number of missing ear tips is high;
(2) The corners of the turning point of the unit are too small and there are many missing cuts;
(3) The height and the number of revolutions of the reel are not properly adjusted;
(4) The technical state of the cutting machine is poor and improperly assembled;
(5) The operator does not operate the header incorrectly;
4, miscellaneous bread
That is, in the threshing stand, the glumes spit from the tail end of the clean room separation screen contain the damage caused by the intercalation of the grain. The main reason for this loss:
(1) The scale of the fish scale sieve is too small;
(2) The separation screen is blocked by debris;
(3) The fan force of the clean room is too large or too small, and the position of the folding plate is improperly adjusted;
(4) There is no third clean room;
5, the technical level of the combine harvester is low
(1) The degree of professional education of the machine is low, and there are more newcomers;
(2) improper selection of harvesting machinery and harvesting methods;
(3) Poor labor attitude;
(4) There is no quality inspection process;
(II) Several opinions on solving the problem of wheat harvest loss
1. The current harvesting machine is updated and improved . The current common problem is that the feeding amount of the model is small, and the design is far from adapting to the increasing demand of current production. Moreover, some models have been discontinued, the supply of spare parts is not guaranteed to be an emergency standby type update, and the harvesting machinery suitable for household contracting is selected. According to local characteristics, the imported harvesting machinery should have the following conditions:
(1) The design of the model should adapt to the local natural conditions and be advanced;
(2) The characteristics of good harvest resistance;
(3) In the long run, it is necessary to pay attention to the introduction of small and medium-sized and self-propelled traction models;
(4) The overall loss rate of the operation of the model is low;
(5) The adjustment parts of the harvester should be flexible, and the supply of parts should be guaranteed;
(6) The transfer and transportation performance of the plot should be good;
2, improve the operation level of the operator
With the reform of the rural production system, most of the harvesting machinery is owned by the individual. The skill level of the machine is low, it is difficult to grasp the mechanical properties, and the technical adjustment in the operation cannot be completed, let alone troubleshooting. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the technical training for the farmers' drivers, so as to improve the driver's operation level.
3, do a good job of modification and plugging , adhere to the standard operation of agricultural machinery field, the existing grain combine harvester must grasp its modification and plugging work. It is necessary to adhere to the strict implementation of the relevant regulations on the technical status and operational procedures of agricultural machinery and tools, and the agricultural machinery department must do a good job in technical guidance.
4. While implementing the household contract system , it is necessary to consider the full use of mechanical efficiency, and agricultural production is not mechanized. After the contract responsibility system of the joint production, it is necessary to play a mechanized role in order to reduce production costs and improve economic efficiency. For large-scale harvesting machines suitable for large-area operations, respecting the opinions of farmers, and engaging in new mechanical operation cooperation, including mechanical sub-cultivation and transplanting; or forming a new consortium; wheat can be implemented in three systems (generalized, unified) , collection and output, input and output allocation can be divided according to land area or shares.
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